An appraisal of the disc–macula distance to disc diameter ratio in the assessment of optic disc size

Barr, Dai; Weir, Clifford R.; Purdie, Alasdair

doi:10.1046/j.1475-1313.1999.00463.x

Cited by 25 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 44 publications

(70 reference statements)

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“…Both neuro-radiological studies and anthropomorphic measurements aid in establishing the diagnosis and prognosis for young infants with ONH. [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] Visual evoked potential (VEP) testing can give a functional measure of vision early in life. In ONH, the amplitude of VEPs to flash stimulation and the presence of VEPs to pattern stimulation are correlated with visual function.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retinal function in infants with optic nerve hypoplasia: electroretinograms to large patterns and photopic flash

McCulloch

Garcia-Filion

Boemel

et al. 2006

Eye

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Aims Optic nerve hypoplasia (ONH), which is defined as a congenital deficiency of retinal ganglion cells, may also involve more distal layers of the retina. We investigated electrophysiological function of the retina in ONH using electroretinograms (ERGs). Methods ERGs were recorded from 48 subjects (3.5-35 months) with unilateral or bilateral ONH. Pattern reversal (41 checks) was presented under chloral hydrate sedation, using an optical system to correct a cycloplegic refraction. A photopic flash stimulus was also used. Fundus photographs were used to measure the disk diameter/disk macula ratio (DD/DM), and to document other clinical signs. Eyes were classified as moderate (0.15-0.3) or severe (o0.15) ONH, and those with DD/DM greater than 0.3 were used as reference eyes. Results Pattern ERG recording was completed in 89 eyes and was detectable in 80% of eyes with ONH (61/76 tested) and in all 13 reference eyes. Photopic flash ERGs were of good quality in all eyes. The severity of ONH correlates with the amplitude of the photopic flash b-waves and with the amplitude of the N95 component of the pattern ERG (Po0.01). However, the ERGs to large patterns were well preserved (43.5 lV) in 10 of 35 eyes with severe ONH. Tortuous retinal vessels in eyes with either moderate or severe ONH were associated with smaller amplitude photopic b-waves and markedly diminished or undetectable pattern ERGs. Conclusions This study supports the hypothesis that retinal dysfunction distal to the ganglion cells is common in ONH, but is not predictable on the basis of ONH severity alone. Additionally, tortuous retinal vessels in ONH may be a sign associated with retinal dysfunction.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retinal function in infants with optic nerve hypoplasia: electroretinograms to large patterns and photopic flash

McCulloch

Garcia-Filion

Boemel

et al. 2006

Eye

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“…74 For practical purposes, a DM : DD ratio of 3.00 should lead to serious consideration of the diagnosis 73 and a value of 4.00 probably accords a definitive diagnosis. 75 The visual acuity is associated with the DM : DD ratio. In one study of 19 children with ONH, all eyes with a DM : DD ratio of more than 3 had reduced visual acuities but all those with a ratio of less than 3 had normal acuities.…”

Section: Clinical Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Congenital disorders of the optic nerve: excavations and hypoplasia

Dutton

2004

Eye

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“…The left optic nerve showed a double ring, and was smaller than the right. Confirmation of optic-nerve hypoplasia was made with reference to the ratio of the disc-macula distance to disc diameter ratio (the DM:DD ratio) [12][13][14]. These distances were measured directly from the fundus photographs using the camera software.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%