An appeasing pheromone ameliorates fear responses in the brown rat (Rattus norvegicus)

Kiyokawa, Yasushi; Tamogami, Shigeyuki; Ootaki, Masato; Kahl, Evelyn; Mayer, Dana; Fendt, Markus; Nagaoka, Satoru; Tamada, Tsutomu; Takeuchi, Yukari

doi:10.1016/j.isci.2023.107081

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…It thus seems reasonable to conclude that compounds that were decreased in bedding from SAL-treated but not CFA-treated groups could provide a signal to conspecifics, and that activation of olfactory pathways by these compounds, individually or collectively, can contribute to social influences on pain-related behaviours. Though there has not been much research into rodent-sourced volatile compounds modulating pain behaviours, rodents release volatile alarm or appeasing pheromones (Brechbühl et al, 2013;Kiyokawa, 2015;Kiyokawa et al, 2023;Morozov & Ito, 2018). We did not observe any of these known pheromones among the detected volatiles.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 58%

CFA‐treated mice induce hyperalgesia in healthy mice via an olfactory mechanism

Zhang,

Luo,

Heinricher

et al. 2023

European Journal of Pain

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BackgroundSocial interactions with subjects experiencing pain can increase nociceptive sensitivity in observers, even without direct physical contact. In previous experiments, extended indirect exposure to soiled bedding from mice with alcohol withdrawal‐related hyperalgesia enhanced nociception in their conspecifics. This finding suggested that olfactory cues could be sufficient for nociceptive hypersensitivity in otherwise untreated animals (also known as “bystanders”).AimThe current study addressed this possibility using an inflammation‐based hyperalgesia model and long‐ and short‐term exposure paradigms in C57BL/6J mice.Materials & MethodAdult male and female mice received intraplantar injection of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) and were used as stimulus animals to otherwise naïve same‐sex bystander mice (BS). Another group of untreated mice (OLF) was simultaneously exposed to the bedding of the stimulus mice.ResultsIn the long‐term, 15‐day exposure paradigm, the presence of CFA mice or their bedding resulted in reduced von Frey threshold but not Hargreaves paw withdrawal latency in BS or OLF mice. In the short‐term paradigm, 1‐hr interaction with CFA conspecifics or 1‐hr exposure to their bedding induced mechanical hypersensitivity in BS and OLF mice lasting for 3 hrs. Chemical ablation of the main olfactory epithelium prevented bedding‐induced and stimulus mice‐induced mechanical hypersensitivity. Gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) analysis of the volatile compounds in the bedding of experimental mice revealed that CFA‐treated mice released an increased number of compounds indicative of disease states.Discussion and ConclusionThese results demonstrate that CFA‐induced inflammatory pain can modulate nociception in bystander mice via an olfactory mechanism involving dynamic changes in volatile compounds detectable in the rodent bedding.SignificanceSocial context can influence nociceptive sensitivity. Recent studies suggested involvement of olfaction in this influence. In agreement with this idea, the present study shows that the presence of mice with inflammatory pain produces nociceptive hypersensitivity in nearby conspecifics. This enhanced nociception occurs via olfactory cues present in the mouse bedding. Analysis of the bedding from mice with inflammatory pain identifies a number of compounds indicative of disease states. These findings demonstrate the importance of olfactory system in influencing pain states.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 58%

CFA‐treated mice induce hyperalgesia in healthy mice via an olfactory mechanism

Zhang,

Luo,

Heinricher

et al. 2023

European Journal of Pain

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“…Given that there are no tools licensed only to PCOs in Japan, one interpretation would be that the two major methods (methods to kill rodents and methods to catch rodents) have several limitations. First, because wild rodents, in general, show neophobia and avoid novel objects (Kiyokawa et Given that an appeasing pheromone that ameliorates neophobia in the wild brown rat was recently identi ed (Kiyokawa et al 2023), an application of the appeasing pheromone to these tools has the potential to improve the e cacy of rodent control. Second, due to the lack of information regarding the ecology of rodents in livestock farms, it is possible that these tools are not deployed in the most effective places.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors associated with rodent infestation on livestock farms in Japan

Kiyokawa,

Koizumi,

Yamada

et al. 2023

Preprint

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One of the obstacles to controlling rodents on livestock farms in Japan is the lack of information about characteristics that lead to infestations. To address this knowledge gap, we performed a nationwide survey that collected information from livestock farmers, including the types and number of livestock present, severity of rodent infestation, rodent management approaches utilized, and details about the most- and least-infested barns. More than 80% of respondents reported rodent infestation on their farms, especially rodents observed on overhead beams and girders. A multiple ordinal logistic regression analysis revealed that the odds ratio of rodent infestation was higher on farms housing pigs and lower on farms with chickens, as compared to farms with cattle. We also found that medium-sized farms, but not large-sized farms, showed a higher odds ratio than small-sized farms. Furthermore, the odds ratio was similarly higher on farms that implemented rodent control measures by themselves or with the assistance of pest control operators, compared to farms with no rodent management. Within a farm, barn age contributed to infestation status, such that the most-infested barns were older than the least-infested barns, regardless of livestock species. Furthermore, the proportion of ad libitum feeding was higher in the most-infested barns than in the least-infested barns on pig farms. Taken together, our results provide valuable information for understanding rodent infestations on livestock farms in Japan, which can contribute to the development of better management approaches.

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Main compounds in sweat, such as squalene and fatty acids, should be promising pheromone components for humans

Zhang,

Du,

Zhang

2024

Preprint

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Pheromones are chemicals released outside the body by organisms to transmit information between individuals of the same species, thereby regulating behavior and physiology. Many biological and psychological studies have shown that human sweat does indeed contain chemical information related to gender, sex, emotion, etc., but there is no convincing answer to its chemical components. We conducted a GC-MS analysis of the chemical composition of adult and child sweat of Han Chinese, and found that the main components were squalene and fatty acids, and there were sex differences in adults, but not in children. Based on our long-term research on the coding rules of pheromones in a variety of animals, especially rodents, as well as men having more sweat glands and sebaceous glands, we speculate that squalene and many common fatty acids are likely to encode olfactory information such as sex and emotion in one component or a mix of components or in a dose-dependent manner. We also discussed that the main olfactory system and olfactory learning in social interactions should play an important role in human pheromone perception.

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An appeasing pheromone ameliorates fear responses in the brown rat (Rattus norvegicus)

Cited by 4 publications

References 53 publications

CFA‐treated mice induce hyperalgesia in healthy mice via an olfactory mechanism

CFA‐treated mice induce hyperalgesia in healthy mice via an olfactory mechanism

Factors associated with rodent infestation on livestock farms in Japan

Main compounds in sweat, such as squalene and fatty acids, should be promising pheromone components for humans

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