An apparatus for comparison of foaming properties of soaps and detergents

Ross, John; Miles, Gilbert D.

doi:10.1007/bf02545418

Cited by 331 publications

(156 citation statements)

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“…During this test, a fixed quantity of foaming solution is released from a specially designed pipette which is positioned at a set height above a container of the same dilute testing solution [33]. The volume of foam that is produced immediately upon the draining of the pipette is then recorded as the capacity of the solution to form foam, and the stability of the resultant foam is evaluated from the degree of decay in foam volume measured within a designated time period [34].…”

Section: Common Methods Used To Determine Foam Stability and 'Foamabimentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the Measurement of Activated Sludge Foam Potential

Fryer

O’Flaherty

Gray

2011

Water

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Abstract:The most widely used technique for assessing the propensity of activated sludge to suffer from biological foaming is to measure foam potential. This involves measuring the amount of foam produced from sludge under conditions of controlled aeration. Two approaches have been adopted: (1) Air is passed through specially designed columns from fine porous diffusers at a fixed rate to form uniform sized bubbles or (2) employing Alka-Seltzer ™ tablets which effervesce when added to the sludge. Both tests generate foam formation which can then be quantified. Foam assessment in activated sludge is reviewed. A sintered disc aeration column was compared with the Alka-Seltzer ™ test method and both methods examined under a range of different environmental conditions. Foam potential measured by the sintered disc method displayed better repeatability compared to the Alka-Seltzer test. The use of a wire cage placed over the tablets greatly improved the precision of the Alka-Seltzer test. A positive linear correlation was also found between foam potential and temperature (4-20 °C). Sludge solids concentration was also shown to influence foaming potential making comparisons between reactors problematic. Recommendations on how to improve the repeatability of foam potential measurements are given.

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Section: Common Methods Used To Determine Foam Stability and 'Foamabimentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the Measurement of Activated Sludge Foam Potential

Fryer

O’Flaherty

Gray

2011

Water

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“…Foaming properties were measured according to Ross and Miles method (17) . The foam production for 0.1 % solution was measured by the foam height initially produced.…”

Section: Evaluation Methods Of Surface Active Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amphoteric Surface Active Agents with Heterocyclic Ring Based on Industrial Wastes

2011

Egypt. J. Chem.

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“…The separation of two phases was observed visually. Foamability of surfactant solution at different concentration was measured using a Ross-Miles apparatus [15].…”

Section: Surfactant Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enzymatic Synthesis and Characterization of Sucrose Erucate

Jadhav¹,

Pratap²

2017

Tenside Surfactants Detergents

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The enzyme catalyzed synthesis is a environmentally friendly route compared to traditional syntheses. The lipase-catalyzed synthesis of sucrose erucate was achieved in a solvent mixture of t-butanol and dimethyl sulfoxide (4 : 1) by esterification of sucrose with erucic acid using the immobilized Thermomyces lanuginosus lipase. Various process parameters like temperature, substrate molar ratio, solvent, time, and enzyme loading were studied. The optimal conditions for the esterification reaction obtained were 10 %(w/w) enzyme loading, a molar ratio sucrose/fatty acid 1 : 1, mild reaction conditions (50 8C and atmospheric pressure) and reaction time (40 h with 55.6 % conversion). The sugar esters were characterized for surfactant properties at different concentration. Sucrose erucate showed a surface tension of (32.73 ± 0.01) mN m -1 at a critical micellar concentration of 9.8 · 10 -5 mol L -1 and good emulsification power.

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An apparatus for comparison of foaming properties of soaps and detergents

Cited by 331 publications

References 0 publications

Evaluating the Measurement of Activated Sludge Foam Potential

Evaluating the Measurement of Activated Sludge Foam Potential

Amphoteric Surface Active Agents with Heterocyclic Ring Based on Industrial Wastes

Enzymatic Synthesis and Characterization of Sucrose Erucate

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