An Antigenic Difference between Intracellular and Extracellular Rabbitpox Virus

Appleyard, G.; Hapel, A. J.; Boulter, Etienne

doi:10.1099/0022-1317-13-1-9

Cited by 181 publications

(166 citation statements)

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“…The immunological response to poxvirus infection and the role of antibody in recovery from infection have not been Poxvirus surface antigens considered. The immunological response to poxvirus infection has been studied extensively since Downie (1939a) showed that cowpox and vaccinia viruses were not identical, and the recent work of Boulter (Boulter, 1969;Appleyard et al 1971) and Turner & Squires (1971) suggests that antibody to extracellular virus may be more important than antibody to intracellular virus in recovery from infection. Nevertheless intracellular forms of poxvirus are neutralized by antisera, and it is from the study of intracellular virus that most of our knowledge of the serology and chemistry of poxviruses has been obtained.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless intracellular forms of poxvirus are neutralized by antisera, and it is from the study of intracellular virus that most of our knowledge of the serology and chemistry of poxviruses has been obtained. Owing to the difficulties involved in obtaining high concentrations of extracellular virus free from intracellular virus (Appleyard et al 1971), intracellular virus will probably continue to be used for some purposes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…before inoculation on the CAM. When completely absorbed they were also tested for neutralizing activity against extracellular virus as described by Appleyard et al (1971), using the antiserum prepared against irradiated vaccinia virus to suppress any contaminating intracellular virus.…”

Section: Testing Of Absorbed Antiseramentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After the appearance of the papers by Appleyard et al (1971) and Turner & Squires (1971) on the properties of extracellular vaccinia virus, all the absorbed antisera were tested for neutralizing antibody to suspensions of extracellular vaccinia, red and white cowpox viruses. In all instances high-titre neutralizing antibody to extracellular virus was found.…”

Section: Cross-neutralization Tests On Absorbed Antiseramentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After the antisera had been absorbed with virus artificially released from infected cells (intracellular virus), Appleyard, Hapel & Boulter (1971) and Turner & Squires (1971) reported that vaccinia virus released naturally from infected cells (extracellular virus) possessed an immunogenic component not present in virus released artificially. They also suggested that the extracellular forms of virus were more important for detecting protective antibody than the intracellular forms studied in the present paper.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A comparison of the antigens present on the surface of virus released artificially from chick cells infected with vaccinia virus, and cowpox virus and its white pock mutant

Baxby

1972

J. Hyg.

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SUMMARYAntisera prepared against vaccinia and cowpox viruses were absorbed with purified suspensions of vaccinia virus, red cowpox and white cowpox viruses. They were then tested for their ability to neutralize the viruses, and to precipitate the virus soluble antigens.The results showed that some virus specific antigens were not virus surface components and that some components were present on the surface of all three viruses. However, certain components were detected on the surface of vaccinia virus but not on the surface of cowpox virus, and vice versa. Some evidence for the existence of a vaccinia-specific surface component was also obtained.Comparisons between results of cross-neutralization tests and immunodiffusion tests on the absorbed sera indicated that antibody to a number of antigens, including the classical LS, and the cowpox-specific d antigen play no part in the process of poxvirus neutralization.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Testing Of Absorbed Antiseramentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cross-neutralization Tests On Absorbed Antiseramentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

A comparison of the antigens present on the surface of virus released artificially from chick cells infected with vaccinia virus, and cowpox virus and its white pock mutant

Baxby

1972

J. Hyg.

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Temperature gradients drive radial fluid flow in petri dishes and multiwell plates

Lindsay

Yin

2016

AIChE Journal

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Liquid in a Petri dish spontaneously circulates in a radial pattern, even when the dish is at rest. These fluid flows have been observed and utilized for biological research, but their origins have not been well-studied. Here we used particle-tracking to measure velocities of radial fluid flows, which are shown to be linked to evaporation. Infrared thermal imaging was used to identify thermal gradients at the air-liquid interface and at the bottom of the dish. Two-color ratiometric fluorescence confocal imaging was used to measure thermal gradients in the vertical direction within the fluid. A finite-element model of the fluid, incorporating the measured temperature profiles, shows that buoyancy forces are sufficient to produce flows consistent with the measured particle velocity results. Such flows may arise in other dish or plate formats, and may impact biological research in positive or negative ways.

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A novel immunogold cryoelectron microscopic approach to investigate the structure of the intracellular and extracellular forms of vaccinia virus.

et al. 1996

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We introduce a novel approach for combining immunogold labelling with cryoelectron microscopy of thin vitrified specimens. The method takes advantage of the observation that particles in suspension are concentrated at the air‐water interface and remain there during the subsequent immunogold labelling procedure. Subsequently, a thin aqueous film can be formed that is vitrified and observed by cryoelectron microscopy. In our view, a key early step in the assembly of vaccinia virus, the formation of the spherical immature virus, involves the formation of a specialized cisternal domain of the intermediate compartment between the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi. Using this novel cryoelectron microscopy approach, we show that in the intracellular mature virus (IMV) the core remains surrounded by a membrane cisterna that comes off the viral core upon treatment with dithiothreitol, exposing an antigen on the surface of the viral core. Complementary protease studies suggest that the IMV may be sealed not by membrane fusion but by a proteinaceous structure that interrupts the outer membrane. We also describe the structure and membrane topology of the second infectious form of vaccinia, the extracellular enveloped virus, and confirm that this form possesses an extra membrane overlying the IMV.

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An Antigenic Difference between Intracellular and Extracellular Rabbitpox Virus

Cited by 181 publications

References 4 publications

A comparison of the antigens present on the surface of virus released artificially from chick cells infected with vaccinia virus, and cowpox virus and its white pock mutant

A comparison of the antigens present on the surface of virus released artificially from chick cells infected with vaccinia virus, and cowpox virus and its white pock mutant

Temperature gradients drive radial fluid flow in petri dishes and multiwell plates

A novel immunogold cryoelectron microscopic approach to investigate the structure of the intracellular and extracellular forms of vaccinia virus.

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