An ‘anti-Catholicism of free trade?’ Religion and the Anglo-Italian negotiations of 1863

Raponi, Danilo

doi:10.1177/0265691409342659

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 8 publications

(4 reference statements)

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“…Although continually frustrated, and rarely living up to expectations (indeed, continually disappointing), it was expected that the new Italy would develop full constitutional government in time, leading to the kind of social stability and economic prosperity enjoyed in places like Britain and the United States 64 . In this respect, political influence, economic development and religious values were thoroughly intertwined in Britain's and America's quest to accelerate the forces of liberalization in modern Italy (Raponi, 2009).…”

Section: Financing the New Liberal Order: Private Beneficence And Pubmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Tale of Two Churches: ‘Protestant’ Architecture and the Politics of Religion in Late Nineteenth-Century Rome

Bremner¹

2019

Pap. Br. Sch. Rome

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The two Anglican churches in Rome by the distinguished nineteenth-century English architect George Edmund Street — St Paul's Within-the-Walls (1872–6), Via Nazionale, and All Saints’ (1880–7), Via del Babuino — are notable examples of High Victorian design. Yet little scholarly attention has been afforded either church, especially All Saints’. This article considers both these buildings not so much as works of architecture but as markers of cultural intent in an environment (and age) fraught with political and religious tension and conflict. It seeks to understand them in the difficult and often fluid context of Risorgimento Italy out of which they emerged, including the city of Rome immediately following its capture by Italian national forces on 20 September 1870. The aim is to establish an interpretation of the two buildings that pays due attention to their political and religious agency. In so doing this article considers closely how architecture was understood as a mediating force in the struggle over politics and identity in the late nineteenth century. In taking a fresh look at the extant archival documentation, alternative possibilities are offered (and revealed) as to how we might further decode the significance of these beguiling if still largely misunderstood works of architecture.

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Section: Financing the New Liberal Order: Private Beneficence And Pubmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Tale of Two Churches: ‘Protestant’ Architecture and the Politics of Religion in Late Nineteenth-Century Rome

Bremner¹

2019

Pap. Br. Sch. Rome

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“…18 Danilo Raponi has investigated the effort of Russell's Foreign Office to include a clause protecting Protestant missionaries in the otherwise strictly commercial Anglo-Italian commercial treaty of 1863. 19 Most recently of all, Raponi has identified how certain British Protestants hoped that the newly united Italy might be converted into a Protestant nation, and that Protestantization would help the Italians overcome the negative characteristics of their national stereotype and find a sense of nationhood, placing Britain, Italy and religion at the centre of the culture war being fought across Europe. 20 Consequently an understanding of the religious factor in Britain's support for Italian nationalism during the crucial developments of 1859 and 1860, as well as during the subsequent decade, has become well established.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Religious ‘Persecutions’ in the Grand Duchy of Tuscany and British Sympathy for Italian Nationalism, 1851–1853

Wright

2017

History

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The history of British relations with the states of pre-unification Italy is a neglected field of enquiry. The research that has been undertaken has tended to focus on the generally good relationship Britain shared with the Kingdom of Sardinia, the state which presided over Italy's national unification between 1859 and 1861. By contrast, the extent to which Britain's poor relations with the Papal States, the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies and the Grand Duchy of Tuscany, and the impact that negative perceptions of those countries had upon the development of British sympathy for Italian nationalism, are little understood. This article on British reactions to what the Victorians perceived as religious 'persecutions' in the Grand Duchy of Tuscany begins to redress this imbalance. Tuscany was in many respects one of the more progressive states in the Italian peninsula. Its government was moderate compared with those at Naples and Rome, it was affluent and it invested in a modern communications infrastructure. However, during the years following the revolutionary upheaval of 1848-9, the Tuscan state's policy of religious retrenchment led to a sequence of events -some of which involved British subjects -which were perceived as examples of religious 'persecution' in Victorian Britain. British reactions to these events illustrate the extent to which religion could affect British foreign policy during the midnineteenth century, and they help to explain the emergence of British sympathy for the Italian nationalist cause during the 1850s.

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“…For Gladstone the Italian question was inseparable from the issue of the Papacy and its temporal power, while, as Beales has suggested, many English Liberals rallied to the cause of Italy for religious reasons, almost to the extent of believing Piedmont was a Protestant power (Beale 1961: 25). Yet again however, this concern was fully consonant with primacy of the model of 1688, with Lord John Russell, for example, later keen to promote religious as well as economic liberty in the united kingdom of Italy (Raponi 2009). …”

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‘Friends of moderate opinions’: Italian political thought in 1859 in a British Liberal mirror

Howe

2012

Journal of Modern Italian Studies

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This comment on Romani (above) emphasizes the degree to which British reactions to events in Italy in 1859 were widely conditioned by the similarities leading Liberals identified with the Glorious Revolution of 1688. These included an emphasis on monarchy, despite a distrust of Piedmont's dynastic and military alliance with Napoleon III, and on the leading part of an enlightened aristocracy, promoting constitutional liberty as an alternative to both revolution and absolutism. In this perspective, the Italian moderates were widely appraised as true 'sons of England'. This brief comment seeks to set the political thought of the Italian moderates against a British Liberal background at a period when there were unique and intriguing linkages between the two countries. In doing so it will highlight those elements of thought and action in the Italian moderates which successfully evoked a sympathetic reaction in Britain. By the end of 1859, as Parry has suggested, this had created in the minds of Liberals such as Lord John Russell, an Italy which 'seemed to mark a victory for English political values much more than a victory for nationalist ones' (Parry 2006: 231).Firstly, at the heart of moderate political thought lay the transition from the 'Risorgimento' from below to that of conservative revolution from above, as part of which the primacy of the masses was replaced by that of the monarchy, despite the strong fear, as in the case of Gioberti, that monarchies were loyal to their dynasties rather than their nations (Romani 2012). Many Liberals in Britain were ready to agree with Gioberti that in theory republics might be desirable, but in the context of Britain in the 1850s there seemed no point in striving for a republic partly because its benefits were uncertain, partly because the mores of the people in Britain were deemed anti-republican. This therefore sits very neatly with the moderate paradigm with its suggestion that the Italian model should be that of the Revolution of 1688 in Britain, with an overt Journal of Modern Italian Studies 17(5) 2012: 608-611Journal of Modern Italian Studies

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An ‘anti-Catholicism of free trade?’ Religion and the Anglo-Italian negotiations of 1863

Cited by 7 publications

References 8 publications

A Tale of Two Churches: ‘Protestant’ Architecture and the Politics of Religion in Late Nineteenth-Century Rome

A Tale of Two Churches: ‘Protestant’ Architecture and the Politics of Religion in Late Nineteenth-Century Rome

The Religious ‘Persecutions’ in the Grand Duchy of Tuscany and British Sympathy for Italian Nationalism, 1851–1853

‘Friends of moderate opinions’: Italian political thought in 1859 in a British Liberal mirror

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