An anti-aggregation NIR-II heptamethine-cyanine dye with a stereo-specific cyanine for imaging-guided photothermal therapy

Abstract

Due to the hydrophobicity of the cyanine dye and the huge conjugated plane, the cyanine dye is prone to H-aggregation in the aqueous solution, and the ultraviolet absorption is blue-shifted....

Tumor imaging and photothermal therapy in second near infrared window: A systematic review and meta-analysis

“…The total sample size of individual studies and the number of cases with different efficacy were further calculated by reviewed the included studies and the supplementary literatures. Of the 42 studies, 11 items confirmed that tumors could be completely ablated by photothermal treatment ( 15 – 18 , 30 , 33 , 38 , 48 – 51 ). And 20 items showed conspicuous reduction in tumor size but not complete elimination ( 8 , 15 , 16 , 19 , 20 , 23 , 25 , 30 , 32 , 34 – 36 , 38 – 41 , 47 , 48 , 50 , 51 ).…”

“…Of the 42 studies, 11 items confirmed that tumors could be completely ablated by photothermal treatment ( 15 – 18 , 30 , 33 , 38 , 48 – 51 ). And 20 items showed conspicuous reduction in tumor size but not complete elimination ( 8 , 15 , 16 , 19 , 20 , 23 , 25 , 30 , 32 , 34 – 36 , 38 – 41 , 47 , 48 , 50 , 51 ). Compared with the control group, tumors treated with periodic PTT could eventually be completely ablated with some degree of crusting [n=108, RR=7.01, 95%CI (3.04, 16.13), P<0.00001; Heterogeneity: Tau 2 = 0.00, Chi 2 = 1.93, df=10 (P=1.00), I 2 = 0%] ( Figure 3A ).…”

“…PTT typically makes use of 1.0 w/cm 2 at 1064 nm ( 8 , 14 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 25 , 35 – 37 , 46 , 47 ) and 1.0 W/cm 2 at 808 nm ( 15 – 17 , 23 , 24 , 26 , 28 , 31 , 32 , 34 , 39 , 42 ) NIR light sources to irradiate the tumor site. And a few studies also choose other light sources according to the properties of PTA [e.g., 0.1 W/cm 2 at 980 nm ( 45 ), and 1 W/cm 2 at 915 nm ( 38 )]. The PTA with excellent photothermal conversion efficiency can make the tumor heat up rapidly in a short time after feeling the NIR laser irradiation.…”

“…The 42 studies were evaluated according to the study quality evaluation index of preclinical research, and the average score of 6.52 is shown in Table 4 . The overall score of the researches ranged 3~9, among which 23 studies scored higher than 7 ( 8 – 10 , 15 , 16 , 19 , 21 , 22 , 24 – 26 , 28 , 29 , 32 – 34 , 38 , 44 – 46 , 48 – 50 ), and 19 studies scored between 3~6 ( 7 , 14 , 17 , 18 , 20 , 23 , 27 , 30 , 31 , 35 – 37 , 39 – 43 , 47 , 51 ). The main factors causing the subtraction of the research were lack of description of temperature, types of narcotic drugs, and randomization information.…”

NIR-I Dye-Based Probe: A New Window for Bimodal Tumor Theranostics

“…Generally, it can be further divided into first near-infrared (NIR-I, 650–950 nm) and second near-infrared (NIR-II, 1,000–1700 nm) fluorescence imaging ( Qi et al, 2018 ; Kubicek-Sutherland et al, 2020 ; Moreno et al, 2020 ; Shinn et al, 2021 ). Although possessing a better signal-to-noise ratio and depth-to-resolution ratio, NIR-II fluorophores still show deficiencies in stability, quantum yield, and biocompatibility ( Bhavane et al, 2018 ; Kenry et al, 2018 ; Qian et al, 2021 ; Kang et al, 2022 ). Hence, FI which we have mentioned in this review refers to NIR-I fluorescence imaging.…”