An anthroposophic lifestyle and intestinal microflora in infancy

Alm, Johan; Swartz, Jacqueline; Björkstén, Bengt; Engstrand, Lars; Engström, Johan; Kühn, Inger; Lilja, G.; Möllby, R.; Norin, Elisabeth; Pershagen, Göran; Reinders, Claudia; Wreiber, Karin; Scheynius, Annika

doi:10.1034/j.1399-3038.2002.01062.x

Cited by 84 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…For instance, a high turnover of appropriate bacteria may provide such a continuous immune stimulation necessary to prevent atopy and atopic diseases [31]. A lower diversity of the bacterial microbiota could be related to a limited bacterial turnover, suggesting to reduce the stimulation of the immune system [32,33]. This would imply that atopic infants have a less diverse microbiota compared with healthy infants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular fingerprinting of the intestinal microbiota of infants in whom atopic eczema was or was not developing

Penders

Stobberingh

Thijs

et al. 2006

Clin Experimental Allergy

128

101

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SummaryBackground The rise in atopic diseases has been linked to disturbances in the intestinal microbiota composition. Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the intestinal microbiota composition in infants in whom atopic (IgE-associated) eczema was or was not developing, using a molecular fingerprinting technique. Methods Within a prospective birth cohort study, fecal samples have been collected at the infant's age of 1 month. Within the context of this cohort, we conducted a nested case-control study comparing fecal samples of 26 infants who became sensitized and developed eczema within the first year of life with 52 non-sensitized non-eczematous infants. The composition of the fecal samples was examined using PCR combined with denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. Using real-time PCR, total bacterial counts and bifidobacterial counts were enumerated. Results Neither total bacterial profiles nor the type and proportion of bifidobacteria in the feces were associated with the development of atopic eczema. The similarity of bacterial profiles was low; mean similarity was approximately 33% in both infants with or without atopic eczema. The prevalence of one specific band in total bacterial profiles was significantly higher in infants with atopic eczema compared with controls (96% vs. 71%, P = 0.01). Identification of this band revealed that it represented Escherichia coli. Conclusion Although no association was found between the development of IgE-associated eczema and the dominant gut microbiota as a whole or with the bifdobacterial microbiota, the association with E. coli indicates that differences in gut microbiota do precede the development of atopy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular fingerprinting of the intestinal microbiota of infants in whom atopic eczema was or was not developing

Penders

Stobberingh

Thijs

et al. 2006

Clin Experimental Allergy

128

101

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…mode of delivery, prematurity, type of feeding (breast feeding v. formula feeding), antibiotic treatment of the child or the mother, lifestyle and geographics (65,(69)(70)(71)(72)(73)(74) . The earliest colonisers are usually facultative anaerobic bacteria such as Enterobacteriaceae, streptococci and staphylococci, whereas later colonisers tend to be strict anaerobes e.g.…”

Section: Agementioning

confidence: 99%

Human gut microbiota: does diet matter?

2014

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The human oro-gastrointestinal (GI) tract is a complex system, consisting of oral cavity, pharynx, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum and anus, which all together with the accessory digestive organs constitute the digestive system. The function of the digestive system is to break down dietary constituents into small molecules and then absorb these for subsequent distribution throughout the body. Besides digestion and carbohydrate metabolism, the indigenous microbiota has an important influence on host physiological, nutritional and immunological processes, and commensal bacteria are able to modulate the expression of host genes that regulate diverse and fundamental physiological functions. The main external factors that can affect the composition of the microbial community in generally healthy adults include major dietary changes and antibiotic therapy. Changes in some selected bacterial groups have been observed due to controlled changes to the normal diet e.g. high-protein diet, high-fat diet, prebiotics, probiotics and polyphenols. More specifically, changes in the type and quantity of non-digestible carbohydrates in the human diet influence both the metabolic products formed in the lower regions of the GI tract and the bacterial populations detected in faeces. The interactions between dietary factors, gut microbiota and host metabolism are increasingly demonstrated to be important for maintaining homeostasis and health. Therefore the aim of this review is to summarise the effect of diet, and especially dietary interventions, on the human gut microbiota. Furthermore, the most important confounding factors (methodologies used and intrinsic human factors) in relation to gut microbiota analyses are elucidated.

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“…Uma evidência desse fato é a observação de que crianças de famílias que adotam o estilo antroposófico de vida, com uso restrito de antibióticos e vacinação e uso de dieta orgânica, apresentam menor incidência de processos alérgicos, além de apresentarem microbiota intestinal rica em lactobacilos e bifidobactérias 30 . A grande maioria dos estudos sobre o uso de probióticos tem avaliado pacientes com eczema atópico.…”

Section: Probióticos E Doenças Alérgicasunclassified

The role of probiotics and prebiotics in pediatric practice

Morais¹,

Jacob²

2006

J Pediatr (Rio J)

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Objective: To review the effects of probiotics and prebiotics in clinical pediatric practice.Sources: MEDLINE was searched, especially for articles that addressed their practical application, in the form of reviews, clinical trials and meta-analyses. Articles that had already been analyzed by the authors were also included.Summary of the findings: Scientific literature on probiotics and prebiotics has remarkably increased in the last 10 years. Their mechanisms of action have been experimentally investigated. Studies indicate that probiotics can act by competing with pathogens, modifying the intestinal environment by reduction in pH, as a result of fermentation products, interacting and modulating local and systemic inflammatory and immune response, among others. Clinical trials and meta-analyses show that probiotics seem to contribute towards the prevention of acute diarrhea and of antibiotic-associated diarrhea, in addition to shortening the duration of acute diarrhea. However, the data are inconsistent and there are no studies confirming their efficacy in terms of cost-benefit ratio. Preliminary studies show that probiotics in early life can reduce the occurrence of atopic dermatitis. The addition of prebiotics to infant formulas is associated with the change in the profile of the intestinal microbiota compared to infants fed milk formulas without prebiotics. Conclusions:Evidence indicates that new studies should be carried out about probiotics, prebiotics and symbiotics. The specific clinical effects that each probiotic or prebiotic may cause must be considered.J Pediatr (Rio J). 2006;82(5 Suppl):S189-97: Prebiotics, probiotics, symbiotics, lactobacillus, bifidobacteria, diarrhea. ResumoObjetivo: Revisar os efeitos dos probióticos e prebióticos em situações clínicas da prática pediátrica.Fonte dos dados: MEDLINE, preferencialmente os artigos que abordavam aspectos de aplicabilidade prática, na forma de revisões, ensaios clínicos e meta-análises. Artigos que já eram do conhecimento dos autores também foram utilizados. Síntese dos dados:A literatura científica sobre probióticos e prebióticos apresentou crescimento expressivo nos últimos 10 anos. Seus mecanismos de ação vêm sendo investigados experimentalmente. Os estudos indicam que os probióticos podem exercer seus efeitos competindo com patógenos, modificando o ambiente intestinal pela redução do pH, em conseqüência dos produtos da fermentação, interagindo e modulando a resposta inflamatória e imunológica local e sistêmica, entre outros. Ensaios clínicos e meta-análises mostram que os probióticos parecem contribuir para a prevenção da diarréia aguda e da diarréia associada ao uso de antibióticos, além de encurtar a duração da diarréia aguda. No entanto, existem dados contraditórios, além de não existirem ainda estudos confirmando sua efetividade do ponto de vista da relação custo-benefício. Estudos preliminares mostram que probióticos no início da vida podem reduzir a ocorrência de dermatite atópica. A adição de prebióticos em fórmulas para lactentes ...

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An anthroposophic lifestyle and intestinal microflora in infancy

Cited by 84 publications

References 33 publications

Molecular fingerprinting of the intestinal microbiota of infants in whom atopic eczema was or was not developing

Molecular fingerprinting of the intestinal microbiota of infants in whom atopic eczema was or was not developing

Human gut microbiota: does diet matter?

The role of probiotics and prebiotics in pediatric practice

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