An annotated preliminary list of the Chironomidae (Diptera) of Zurquí, Costa Rica

Epler, J. H.

doi:10.5324/cjcr.v0i30.2240

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Here, all species were identified to named species or morphospecies (Appendix 1), nearly all of which require further taxonomic study and interpretation (but see papers generated by our project: Bickel 2015;Brown 2014;Brown & Porras 2016;Costa et al 2016;Epler 2017;Grimaldi 2016;Hartop & Brown 2014a, b, c;Jaschhof 2014Jaschhof , 2016Jaschhof & Jaschhof 2014, Kvifte et al 2016, 2018Marshall 2015;Michelsen 2017;Santarém et al in press). ZADBI specimens will undoubtedly form the basis for many more taxonomic papers over the coming decades.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Remarkable fly (Diptera) diversity in a patch of Costa Rican cloud forest: Why inventory is a vital science

Borkent

Brown

Adler

et al. 2018

Zootaxa

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Study of all flies (Diptera) collected for one year from a four-hectare (150 x 266 meter) patch of cloud forest at 1,600 meters above sea level at Zurquí de Moravia, San José Province, Costa Rica (hereafter referred to as Zurquí), revealed an astounding 4,332 species. This amounts to more than half the number of named species of flies for all of Central America. Specimens were collected with two Malaise traps running continuously and with a wide array of supplementary collecting methods for three days of each month. All morphospecies from all 73 families recorded were fully curated by technicians before submission to an international team of 59 taxonomic experts for identification.Overall, a Malaise trap on the forest edge captured 1,988 species or 51% of all collected dipteran taxa (other than of Phoridae, subsampled only from this and one other Malaise trap). A Malaise trap in the forest sampled 906 species. Of other sampling methods, the combination of four other Malaise traps and an intercept trap, aerial/hand collecting, 10 emergence traps, and four CDC light traps added the greatest number of species to our inventory. This complement of sampling methods was an effective combination for retrieving substantial numbers of species of Diptera. Comparison of select sampling methods (considering 3,487 species of non-phorid Diptera) provided further details regarding how many species were sampled by various methods.Comparison of species numbers from each of two permanent Malaise traps from Zurquí with those of single Malaise traps at each of Tapantí and Las Alturas, 40 and 180 km distant from Zurquí respectively, suggested significant species turnover. Comparison of the greater number of species collected in all traps from Zurquí did not markedly change the degree of similarity between the three sites, although the actual number of species shared did increase.Comparisons of the total number of named and unnamed species of Diptera from four hectares at Zurquí is equivalent to 51% of all flies named from Central America, greater than all the named fly fauna of Colombia, equivalent to 14% of named Neotropical species and equal to about 2.7% of all named Diptera worldwide. Clearly the number of species of Diptera in tropical regions has been severely underestimated and the actual number may surpass the number of species of Coleoptera.Various published extrapolations from limited data to estimate total numbers of species of larger taxonomic categories (e.g., Hexapoda, Arthropoda, Eukaryota, etc.) are highly questionable, and certainly will remain uncertain until we have more exhaustive surveys of all and diverse taxa (like Diptera) from multiple tropical sites.Morphological characterization of species in inventories provides identifications placed in the context of taxonomy, phylogeny, form, and ecology. DNA barcoding species is a valuable tool to estimate species numbers but used alone fails to provide a broader context for the species identified.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Remarkable fly (Diptera) diversity in a patch of Costa Rican cloud forest: Why inventory is a vital science

Borkent

Brown

Adler

et al. 2018

Zootaxa

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“…albopictus larvae. The larvae of this widely distributed and abundant midge species feed upon organic sediments in static aquatic systems . Although harmless and non‐biting, adults achieve nuisance pest status when they emerge in large numbers .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterodissemination: precision targeting container Aedes mosquitoes with a cohabiting midge species carrying insect growth regulator

Wang

Suman

Chandel

et al. 2020

Pest Management Science

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Background: Management of Aedes albopictus and Ae. aegypti is challenging in large part due to the cryptic nature of their larval habitats. Autodissemination, using conspecific species to transfer pesticide, is unable to provide proactive control. Here we report results from a new hypothesis, heterodissemination, wherein females of the cohabiting non-biting midge, Chironomus decorus, reared in the laboratory, treated with pyriproxyfen, and released to transfer lethal concentrations to shared mosquito larval habitats.Results: Pyriproxyfen-impregnated oil and powder formulations were developed. The average payload for each female midge treated with oil followed by powder formulations was 5.07 ± 0.92 ∼g of active ingredient or 1660 times the median lethal concentration (LC 50 ) for Ae. albopictus or Ae. aegypti in 200 mL of water. Subsequent residue analysis showed pyriproxyfen transference from chironomids, treated with oil formulation only, into water-holding containers up to 2.06 ppb or 171.7 times the LC 50 . Releasing 20 laboratory reared and contaminated Chironomus decorus into a small room resulted in 80.42 ± 0.67% and 75.67 ± 3.14% Ae. albopictus pupal mortality in open and cryptic sentinel ovicups, respectively. Container water volumes ranging up to 4 L did not affect efficacy. In a large field cage, 90.3 ± 2.5% Ae. albopictus mortality was resulted from releasing 100 treated female midges. Releasing 400 contaminated midges into a residential backyard resulted in 74.3% pupal mortality in sentinel ovicups.Conclusions: Room, large field cage and field release trials demonstrated that adult midges reared and treated in the laboratory transfer highly lethal concentrations of pyriproxyfen to Ae. albopictus container habitats. Heterodissemination provides a potential approach for precision, proactive mosquito control, which may draw attention for further studies.

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“…The chironomid fauna of Central America includes multiple genera with worldwide distributions, as well as genera that are primarily Holarctic or Neotropical (Epler 2017). The Neotropical genera are typically an extension of the warm adapted fauna of lowland South America (Watson and Heyn 1992).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

First record of the genus Heterotrissocladius (Chironomidae: Orthocladiinae) from the Neotropical region

Hamerlík¹,

Silva²

2018

Chironomus

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An annotated preliminary list of the Chironomidae (Diptera) of Zurquí, Costa Rica

Abstract: An annotated list of the species of Chironomidae found at a four-hectare site, mostly cloud forest, in Costa Rica is presented. A total of 137 species, 98 of them undescribed, in 63 genera (17 apparently new), were found.

Cited by 9 publications

References 26 publications

Remarkable fly (Diptera) diversity in a patch of Costa Rican cloud forest: Why inventory is a vital science

Remarkable fly (Diptera) diversity in a patch of Costa Rican cloud forest: Why inventory is a vital science

Heterodissemination: precision targeting container Aedes mosquitoes with a cohabiting midge species carrying insect growth regulator

First record of the genus Heterotrissocladius (Chironomidae: Orthocladiinae) from the Neotropical region

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