An animal model of disengagement: Temporary inactivation of the superior colliculus impairs attention disengagement in rats

Araújo, Mariana Ferreira Pereira de; Matsumoto, Jumpei; Ono, Taketoshi; Nishijo, Hisao

doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2015.07.031

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Our finding suggests that dyslexic children could have a weak ability to suppress unwanted saccades, most likely due to their difficulty in inhibition processing as well as to attentional deficits, even if we excluded in this study dyslexic with attentional deficiencies (see “Materials and Methods” Section). Such attentional impairment has been previously reported by Biscaldi et al ( 1996 ), Facoetti et al ( 2003 ) and de Araujo et al ( 2015 ). More recently, Ruffino et al ( 2010 ) studied attentional engagement in 28 dyslexics and 55 non-dyslexic children through a spatio-temporal attentional task with a fixation mark.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Immaturity of Visual Fixations in Dyslexic Children

Tiadi

Gérard

Peyre

et al. 2016

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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To our knowledge, behavioral studies recording visual fixations abilities in dyslexic children are scarce. The object of this article is to explore further the visual fixation ability in dyslexics compared to chronological age-matched and reading age-matched non-dyslexic children. Fifty-five dyslexic children from 7 to 14 years old, 55 chronological age-matched non-dyslexic children and 55 reading age-matched non-dyslexic children participated to this study. Eye movements from both eyes were recorded horizontally and vertically by a video-oculography system (EyeBrain® T2). The fixation task consisted in fixating a white-filled circle appearing in the center of the screen for 30 s. Results showed that dyslexic children produced a significantly higher number of unwanted saccades than both groups of non-dyslexic children. Moreover, the number of unwanted saccades significantly decreased with age in both groups of non-dyslexic children, but not in dyslexics. Furthermore, dyslexics made more saccades during the last 15 s of fixation period with respect to both groups of non-dyslexic children. Such poor visual fixation capability in dyslexic children could be due to impaired attention abilities, as well as to an immaturity of the cortical areas controlling the fixation system.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Immaturity of Visual Fixations in Dyslexic Children

Tiadi

Gérard

Peyre

et al. 2016

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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“…Deficits in disengagement are one of the earliest symptoms observed in the development of this disorder and such deficits may underlie the social and cognitive impairments observed in patients with autism (Keehn et al, 2013 ; Sacrey et al, 2014 ). The idea that the SC might be involved in attention disengagement processes, and SC malfunctioning and/or malformation might be related to the origin and development of autism, was tested in a behavioral study in which rats were trained in a light-guided spatial choice task (de Araujo et al, 2015 ). At each trial, the rats had to choose one of two paths, leading either to a large or a small reward, based on cue light(s).…”

Section: Future Explorationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fast Detector/First Responder: Interactions between the Superior Colliculus-Pulvinar Pathway and Stimuli Relevant to Primates

Soares¹,

Maior

Isbell

et al. 2017

Front. Neurosci.

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Primates are distinguished from other mammals by their heavy reliance on the visual sense, which occurred as a result of natural selection continually favoring those individuals whose visual systems were more responsive to challenges in the natural world. Here we describe two independent but also interrelated visual systems, one cortical and the other subcortical, both of which have been modified and expanded in primates for different functions. Available evidence suggests that while the cortical visual system mainly functions to give primates the ability to assess and adjust to fluid social and ecological environments, the subcortical visual system appears to function as a rapid detector and first responder when time is of the essence, i.e., when survival requires very quick action. We focus here on the subcortical visual system with a review of behavioral and neurophysiological evidence that demonstrates its sensitivity to particular, often emotionally charged, ecological and social stimuli, i.e., snakes and fearful and aggressive facial expressions in conspecifics. We also review the literature on subcortical involvement during another, less emotional, situation that requires rapid detection and response—visually guided reaching and grasping during locomotion—to further emphasize our argument that the subcortical visual system evolved as a rapid detector/first responder, a function that remains in place today. Finally, we argue that investigating deficits in this subcortical system may provide greater understanding of Parkinson's disease and Autism Spectrum disorders (ASD).

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“…Additionally, IOR may be elicited by location more than by object identity (Bichot & Schall, 2002), which seems to be supported by neurophysiological studies. The superior colliculus is critically involved in executing saccades and (disengaging) spatial attention (Dash, Yan, Wang, & Crawford, 2015; Ferreira, Araujo, Matsumoto, Ono, & Nishijo, 2015; Sapir, Soroker, Berger, & Henik, 1999; Wurtz & Goldberg, 1972). As such, activity in the superior colliculus has been shown to reflect IOR (Dorris, Klein, Everling, & Munoz, 2002; Fecteau, Bell, & Munoz, 2004), which is supported by lesion studies showing that IOR is not generated in patients with a lesioned superior colliculus (Sapir et al, 1999).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Object files across eye movements: Previous fixations affect the latencies of corrective saccades

Schut

Fabius

Stoep

et al. 2016

Atten Percept Psychophys

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One of the factors contributing to a seamless visual experience is object correspondence—that is, the integration of pre- and postsaccadic visual object information into one representation. Previous research had suggested that before the execution of a saccade, a target object is loaded into visual working memory and subsequently is used to locate the target object after the saccade. Until now, studies on object correspondence have not taken previous fixations into account. In the present study, we investigated the influence of previously fixated information on object correspondence. To this end, we adapted a gaze correction paradigm in which a saccade was executed toward either a previously fixated or a novel target. During the saccade, the stimuli were displaced such that the participant’s gaze landed between the target stimulus and a distractor. Participants then executed a corrective saccade to the target. The results indicated that these corrective saccades had lower latencies toward previously fixated than toward nonfixated targets, indicating object-specific facilitation. In two follow-up experiments, we showed that presaccadic spatial and object (surface feature) information can contribute separately to the execution of a corrective saccade, as well as in conjunction. Whereas the execution of a corrective saccade to a previously fixated target object at a previously fixated location is slowed down (i.e., inhibition of return), corrective saccades toward either a previously fixated target object or a previously fixated location are facilitated. We concluded that corrective saccades are executed on the basis of object files rather than of unintegrated feature information.

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An animal model of disengagement: Temporary inactivation of the superior colliculus impairs attention disengagement in rats

Cited by 6 publications

References 27 publications

Immaturity of Visual Fixations in Dyslexic Children

Immaturity of Visual Fixations in Dyslexic Children

Fast Detector/First Responder: Interactions between the Superior Colliculus-Pulvinar Pathway and Stimuli Relevant to Primates

Object files across eye movements: Previous fixations affect the latencies of corrective saccades

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