An androgen receptor mRNA isoform associated with hormone-induced cell proliferation.

Fischer, Leslie M.; Catz, Diana; Kelley, Darcy B.

doi:10.1073/pnas.90.17.8254

Cited by 50 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(12 reference statements)

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“…For chromosome mapping in X. laevis and X. tropicalis, the cDNA fragments of the following eight genes isolated from X. laevis were used: 1.1 kb and 1.2 kb AR (concatenated total length, 2.3 kb) isolated according to Fischer et al (1993), 1.4 kb Cyp17 isolated according to Lutz et al (2001), 1.3 kb Cyp19 (BC079750), 1.5 kb Dmrt1 (Yoshimoto et al 2006(Yoshimoto et al , 2008, 1.6 kb SF-1/Ad4BP (AB273177), 1.5 kb Sox3 (Koyano et al 1997), 2.7 kb Sox9 (AB439583), and 1.3 kb WT1 (D82051).…”

Section: Dna Probesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity in the origins of sex chromosomes in anurans inferred from comparative mapping of sexual differentiation genes for three species of the Raninae and Xenopodinae

et al. 2008

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Amphibians employ genetic sex determination systems with male and female heterogamety. The ancestral state of sex determination in amphibians has been suggested to be female heterogamety; however, the origins of the sex chromosomes and the sex-determining genes are still unknown. In Xenopus laevis, chromosome 3 with a candidate for the sex- (ovary-) determining gene (DM-W) was recently identified as the W sex chromosome. This study conducted comparative genomic hybridization for X. laevis and Xenopus tropicalis and FISH mapping of eight sexual differentiation genes for X. laevis, X. tropicalis, and Rana rugosa. Three sex-linked genes of R. rugosa--AR, SF-1/Ad4BP, and Sox3--are all localized to chromosome 10 of X. tropicalis, whereas AR and SF-1/Ad4BP are mapped to chromosome 14 and Sox3 to chromosome 11 in X. laevis. These results suggest that the W sex chromosome was independently acquired in the lineage of X. laevis, and the origins of the ZW sex chromosomes are different between X. laevis and R. rugosa. Cyp17, Cyp19, Dmrt1, Sox9, and WT1 were localized to autosomes in X. laevis and R. rugosa, suggesting that these five genes probably are not candidates for the sex-determining genes in the two anuran species.

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Section: Dna Probesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity in the origins of sex chromosomes in anurans inferred from comparative mapping of sexual differentiation genes for three species of the Raninae and Xenopodinae

et al. 2008

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“…Numerous ER variants have been isolated from mam mary tumors [33,34], However, specific mRNA isoforms from members of the hormone receptor gene superfamily can be transiently expressed during key stages of develop ment [35][36][37], Thus, it is of interest to ask the physiologi cal significance of this production of 5.5-kb ER mRNA. The rapid induction of the 5.5-kb mRNA variant suggests that the receptor is acutely regulated on proestrus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex- and Cell-Specific Expression of an Estrogen Receptor Isoform in the Pituitary Gland

Demay¹,

Tiffoche²,

Thieulant³

1996

Neuroendocrinology

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The presence of multiple monomeric forms has been described for the estrogen receptor (ER) in the pituitary gland. We analyzed ER mRNA forms in male and female rat pituitary. A single 6.2-kb ER mRNA species was detected in the male rat pituitary, whereas the female rat pituitary exhibited two ER mRNA forms of 6.2 and 5.5 kb, respectively. The 6.2-kb mRNA was present throughout the different stages of the estrous cycle, while the 5.5-kb mRNA appeared to be restricted to proestrus, suggesting an acute regulation of ER transcription at this stage. The 5.5-kb ER mRNA could be rapidly induced either by 17β-estradiol replacement in ovariectomized adult female rats or by priming immature rats with pregnant-mare serum gonadotropin. Using enriched cell populations, an inverse and strong correlation was established between the presence of the 5.5-kb ER mRNA form and the number of gonadotropes. Conversely, the localization of the 5.5-kb mRNA form was demonstrated in lactotrope populations. In order to elucidate the structural modifications in the transiently expressed ER mRNA, a series of reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction amplifications was carried out using several pairs of primers corresponding to the entire ER-coding region. The data showed that no alternative splicing was occurring in the ER-coding region involving a potential role of either 3’- or 5’-untranslated regions. Thus, ER presents a 17β-estradiol-dependent transcriptional mechanism triggered on proestrous day and specific to the female lactotropes.

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“…PR A and B also differ in their ability to inhibit the activity of ER, in a way that is both promoter-and cell type-specific (19 -22). The functional implications of N-terminal isoforms are not restricted to PR; androgen receptor mRNA isoforms differing within the region coding for the N-terminal portion of the protein have been described which are either developmentally regulated or are expressed in differentiated tissues in Xenopus laevis (23). In Drosophila melanogaster, three isoforms of the ecdysone receptor with different N-terminal regions have been documented, which are expressed in different combinations during metamorphosis and may be required to elicit different metamorphic responses (24).…”

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confidence: 99%

Preferential Stimulation of Human Progesterone Receptor B Expression by Estrogen in T-47D Human Breast Cancer Cells

Graham

Roman

McGowan

et al. 1995

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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Human progesterone receptor (PR) expression is controlled by two promoter regions giving rise to transcripts encoding PR A and B proteins. It is unknown whether estrogen and progesterone, the major physiological modulators of PR expression, exert their effects equally on the PR promoters. The aim of this study was to analyze estrogen and progestin effects on PR promoters, PR-encoding transcripts, and PR A and B proteins in T-47D human breast cancer cells. The progestin ORG 2058 caused a prolonged decrease in transcription of the PR gene and also abrogated estrogen stimulation of PR transcription. Estradiol (E2) treatment increased the activity of the B but not the A promoter transfected into T-47D cells. ORG 2058 had no effect on the basal or E2-stimulated activity of either promoter. E2 caused a preferential increase in transcripts derived from promoter B, whereas progestins decreased the levels of all PR transcripts. E2 preferentially increased the concentration of the PR B protein and caused a decrease in the PR A/B ratio. This demonstration that estrogen and progestin independently control the synthesis of transcripts arising from the PR promoters and that estrogen alters the cellular PR A/B ratio provides possible mechanisms underlying the cell and tissue specificity of PR regulation.Progesterone plays a major role in mammalian reproductive biology, including development of the normal mammary gland and expression of its differentiated function during pregnancy, and promotion of uterine differentiation and preparation for implantation in pregnancy (1). Progesterone effects are mediated via the nuclear progesterone receptor (PR) 1 and control of progesterone action is achieved largely although not exclusively by control of the concentration of PR. The major physiological modulators of PR concentration are the ovarian hormone 17␤-estradiol (E2), and progesterone itself, which binds to PR in order to exert progestational effects but also participates in regulation of its own receptor.Understanding of PR regulation derives largely from detailed and elegant studies in the mammalian uterus and in breast cancer cells, which led to the generally accepted view that estrogen increases and progestins decrease PR expression (2, 3). However, the advent of monoclonal antibodies to the steroid hormone receptors and the examination of PR expression at an individual cell level have shown that PR regulation may be more complex than previously suspected. Regulation of PR in the uterus is a cell-specific event, and PR regulation in the normal breast in vivo may be different from its regulation in the uterus and in breast cancer cells. In the endometrium, immunohistochemical evidence supports the view that the cyclical effects of estrogen and progesterone are mediated by estrogen stimulation of PR and progesterone down-regulation of both PR and estrogen receptor (ER) (4 -7). However, progesterone down-regulation of PR is not a uniform effect in the uterus, as myometrial and stromal PR levels are not decreased by progesterone and...

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An androgen receptor mRNA isoform associated with hormone-induced cell proliferation.

Cited by 50 publications

References 28 publications

Diversity in the origins of sex chromosomes in anurans inferred from comparative mapping of sexual differentiation genes for three species of the Raninae and Xenopodinae

Diversity in the origins of sex chromosomes in anurans inferred from comparative mapping of sexual differentiation genes for three species of the Raninae and Xenopodinae

Sex- and Cell-Specific Expression of an Estrogen Receptor Isoform in the Pituitary Gland

Preferential Stimulation of Human Progesterone Receptor B Expression by Estrogen in T-47D Human Breast Cancer Cells

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