An ancillary method in urine cytology: Nucleolar/nuclear volume ratio for discrimination between benign and malignant urothelial cells

Tone, Kiyoshi; Kojima, Kensuke; Hoshiai, Keita; Kumagai, Naoya; Kijima, Hiroshi; Kurose, Akira

doi:10.1002/dc.23469

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…It is generally known that the nuclearcytoplasmic ratio is a very important tool for the cell identification including differentiation or proliferation state. On the other hand, the relationship between the nucleolar and nuclear size was less studied although some previous studies provided useful information on the knowledge of malignant cells already in the last and even in the present century (Foot 1937, McGrew 1965, Busch and Smetana 1970, Tone et al 2016.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

To the approximate size of the nuclear region occupied by nucleolar bodies during cell differentiation and maturation using the human leukemic granulocytic lineage as a convenient model

Smetana

Klamová²,

Mikulenková³

2019

Physiol Res

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The present study was undertaken to estimate the approximate size of nuclear regions occupied by nucleolar bodies during the cell differentiation and maturation. The differentiation and maturation of human leukemic granulocytic cells in patients suffering from the chronic phase of the chronic granulocytic leukemia (CML) represented a convenient model for such study because of the large number of cells for the diameter measurements at the single cell level. Early and advanced differentiation or maturation stages of these cells are well defined and nucleolar bodies and nuclear outlines are easily seen by simple cytochemical methods for the visualization of RNA and silver stained proteins in smear preparations. During the cell differentiation and maturation, the estimated size of the nuclear region occupied by nucleolar bodies decreased in both untreated and treated patients with the anti-leukemic therapy. However, the size reduction of nucleolar bodies in differentiated and mature cells was larger than that of the nucleus. In addition, the results also indicated that the nuclear region occupied by nucleolar bodies was characteristic for each differentiation and maturation stage of the granulocytic cell lineage and was not substantially influenced by the anti-leukemic therapy of CML patients.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

To the approximate size of the nuclear region occupied by nucleolar bodies during cell differentiation and maturation using the human leukemic granulocytic lineage as a convenient model

Smetana

Klamová²,

Mikulenková³

2019

Physiol Res

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“…The overall sensitivity of urine cytology for the diagnosis of UC ranges from 13 to 75%, and a specificity of 85-100% [2]. Urine cytology has relatively high diagnostic specificity for HGUC [10,11], but a low sensitivity in general, especially for LGUC [12]. By definition, tumor cells of LGUC have similar individual cell morphological char-acteristics to normal urothelial cells, which is difficult to distinguish with the human eye.…”

Section: Discussion/conclusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developing a Machine Learning Algorithm for Identifying Abnormal Urothelial Cells: A Feasibility Study

Zhang

Fu²,

Liu

et al. 2020

Acta Cytologica

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Introduction: Urine cytology plays an important role in diagnosing urothelial carcinoma (UC). However, urine cytology interpretation is subjective and difficult. Morphogo (ALAB, Boston, MA, USA), equipped with automatic acquisition and scanning, optical focusing, and automatic classification with convolutional neural network has been developed for bone marrow aspirate smear analysis of hematopoietic diseases. The goal of this preliminary study was to determine the feasibility of developing a machine learning algorithm on Morphogo for identifying abnormal urothelial cells in urine cytology slides. Methods: Thirty-seven achieved abnormal urine cytology slides from cases with the diagnosis of atypical urothelial cells and above (suspicions or positive for UC) were obtained from 1 hospital. A pathologist (J.R.) reviewed the slides and manually selected and annotated representative cells to feed into Morphogo with following categories: benign (urothelial cells, squamous cells, degenerated cells, and inflammatory cells), atypical cells, and suspicious cells. Initial validation of the algorithm was performed on a subset of the original 37 cases. Urine samples from additional 12 unknown cases with various histological diagnoses (6 cases of high-grade urothelial carcinoma (HGUC), 1 case of lowgrade urothelial carcinoma (LGUC), 1 case of prostate adenocarcinoma, 1 case of renal cell carcinoma, and 4 cases of nonneoplastic conditions) were collected from another hospital for initial blind testing. Results: A total of 1,910 benign and 1,978 abnormal (atypical and suspicious) cells from 37 slides were annotated for developing and training of the algorithm. This algorithm was validated on 27 slides that resulted in identification of at least 1 abnormal cell per slide, with a total of 200 abnormal cells, and an average of 7.4 cells per slide. Of the 12 unknown cases tested, the original cytology was positive for tumor cells in 2 HGUC samples. Morphogo was abnormal (atypical or suspicious) for 6 samples from patients with UC, including one with LGUC and one with prostate adenocarcinoma. Conclusion: Morphogo machine learning algorithm is capable of identifying abnormal urothelial cells. Further validation studies with a larger number of urine samples will be needed to determine if it can be used to assist the cytological diagnosis of UC.

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“…On the other hand, in clinical cytology this ratio appeared to be useful for the detection of malignant cells [2][3][4][5]. At this occasion it should be mentioned that the nucleolus : nucleus ratio was usually estimated using the "oculometry" and expressed by diameter, volume or area calculations [6,7]. Recent studies on cultured leukemic granulocytic progenitors indicated that the diameter ratio of nucleolar bodies to nuclear body reflected a remarkable stability of the nuclear space occupied by nucleolar bodies after the treatment with anti-leukemic drugs [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Rough Estimate of the Nuclear Space Occupied by Nucleolar Bodies in Lymphocytes of Patients Suffering from B Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia and Blood Donors

Smetana¹,

Mikulenková²,

Otevřelová³

et al. 2020

COR

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It is generally known that the nucleus : cytoplasmic ratio is a very useful marker for the evaluation of the cell activity and identification. In contrary, the nucleolus : nucleus ratio was less studied. The present study was undertaken to provide more information on that ratio during the differentiation and maturation of human lymphocytes. The ratio of nucleolar bodies to the nuclear body indicated that the size of the nuclear space occupied by nucleolar bodies in B chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) during the cell differentiation and maturation (terminal differentiation) decreased in both untreated and treated patients with the anti-leukemic therapy. However, the nuclear space occupied by nucleolar bodies was apparently characteristic for each differentiation and maturation step. A similar trend was apparent in non-leukemic T lymphocytes of blood donors using in vitro de-differentiated lymphocytes as progenitors. During the cell differentiation and maturation, the size reduction of nucleolar bodies of both patients suffering from CLL and blood donors was apparently larger than that of the nucleus. As it was expected, the decreased size of nucleolar bodies was accompanied by the decreasing nucleolar transcription activity expressed by the reduced number of fibrillar centers.

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An ancillary method in urine cytology: Nucleolar/nuclear volume ratio for discrimination between benign and malignant urothelial cells

Abstract: This study analyzed the nuclear and nucleolar volume to establish an index for discrimination of benign and malignant urothelial cells, providing possible additional information in urine cytology. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2016;44:483-491. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Cited by 4 publications

References 28 publications

To the approximate size of the nuclear region occupied by nucleolar bodies during cell differentiation and maturation using the human leukemic granulocytic lineage as a convenient model

To the approximate size of the nuclear region occupied by nucleolar bodies during cell differentiation and maturation using the human leukemic granulocytic lineage as a convenient model

Developing a Machine Learning Algorithm for Identifying Abnormal Urothelial Cells: A Feasibility Study

The Rough Estimate of the Nuclear Space Occupied by Nucleolar Bodies in Lymphocytes of Patients Suffering from B Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia and Blood Donors

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