An Ancient Egyptian Cartonnage Broad Collar - Technical Examination of Pigments and Binding Media

Scott, David A.; Dodd, Lynn Swartz; Furihata, Junko; Tanimoto, Satoko; Keeney, Joy; Schilling, Michael; Cowan, Elizabeth

doi:10.1179/sic.2004.49.3.177

Cited by 15 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 8 publications

(11 reference statements)

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“…The employed pigment colours for cartonnage [red (cinnabar or hematite), yellow (orpiment or goethite), blue (Egyptian blue), white (lead), black (charcoal black), green (Egyptian green or malachite-organic copper carbohydrate or proteinate green), gold etc.] have been reported (Green 1955;Nagashima et al 1996;Goresy 1997;Uda et al 2000;Yoshimura et al 2002;Scott et al 2004Scott et al , 2009Afifi 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previously, it has been suggested that alterations of Egyptian blue to a degraded green colour are related to the incorporation of organometallic compounds of copper, such as copperproteinate, copper-carbohydrate and copper-wax pigments (Lee and Quirke 2000;Scott et al 2003Scott et al , 2004Daniels 2007). Egyptian green may degrade to form another green-coloured compound comprising basic copper chloride (Schiegl et al 1989;Lee and Quirke 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The binding media of nine cartonnage samples were characterized and identified as egg white, animal glue and plant gum (Scott et al 2009). Gum arabic was the most common binding medium used in ancient Egypt (Newman and Serpico 2000;Scott et al 2004;Calza et al 2007a,b). The use of beeswax as a binder for paint or as a protective coating has been reported from at least the 18th Dynasty onwards (Newman and Serpico 2000;Serpico and White 2000;Daniels 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Study of Biodeterioration and Chromatic Alterations of Painted and Gilded Mummy Cartonnage at the Saqqara Museum Storeroom, Egypt

et al. 2017

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Microbial biofilms have developed on the surfaces and within the painted and gilded layers of mummy cartonnage at the Saqqara museum storeroom in Giza, Egypt. SEM–EDX, XRD and FT–IR–ATR techniques were applied to analyse the coloured and gilded materials, ground layer, textile support and binder used for the cartonnage. Aspergillus niger (24.8%), Penicillium chrysogenum (21.5%) and a novel cartonnage‐biodegrading bacterium, Bacillus sonorensis (23.7%), were the most abundant microbes growing over the cartonnage surface. In addition, Aspergillus tamari (15.4%), A. fumigates (8.1%) and Fusarium solani (6.5%) were identified. The pigments comprised Egyptian blue (cuprorivaite), cinnabar (red), orpiment (yellow) and green pigment made from a mixture of cuprorivaite and orpiment. Gold leaf was used for the gilded layer, calcium carbonate and gypsum comprised the ground layer, gum arabic was the binding medium and the fibre base was a fine linen textile. Microbial colonization tests were performed on aged cartonnage replica samples made from linen and pigments of similar composition to ancient pigments found in the cartonnage. Each sample was inoculated separately with A. niger, P. chrysogenum and B. sonorensis. Yellow orpiment samples were the exception, as no colour change was detected after colonization by the examined micro‐organisms.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Study of Biodeterioration and Chromatic Alterations of Painted and Gilded Mummy Cartonnage at the Saqqara Museum Storeroom, Egypt

et al. 2017

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“…The use of different chromatographic methods to analyse the same material is also becoming more routine, particularly in the area of dyes and paints where organic colourants may be mixed with different binding materials (165,166). Where inorganic colourants are also present, a combination of chromatographic and other techniques such as XRF, XRD, SEM, SEM-EDX, Raman and FT-IR can provide a complete characterization of the paints, dyes or other materials being analysed (28,122,(167)(168)(169). This approach has also proved successful in the analysis of vessel contents suspected of being paints, inks, medicines or cosmetics (168,170,171).…”

Section: The Use Of Multiple Techniques In Residue Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic Residues in Archaeology: The Highs and Lows of Recent Research

Steele

2013

ACS Symposium Series

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The analysis of organic residues from archaeological materials has become increasingly important to our understanding of ancient diet, trade and technology. Residues from diverse contexts have been retrieved and analysed from the remains of food, medicine and cosmetics to hafting material on stone arrowheads, pitch and tar from shipwrecks, and ancient manure from soils. Research has brought many advances in our understanding of archaeological, organic residues over the past two decades. Some have enabled very specific and detailed interpretations of materials preserved in the archaeological record. However there are still areas where we know very little, like the mechanisms at work during the formation and preservation of residues, and areas where each advance produces more questions rather than answers, as in the identification of degraded fats. This chapter will discuss some of the significant achievements in the field over the past decade and the ongoing challenges for research in this area.1341280_File000001_20903114.docPrinted 7/19/2013 2

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“…Complexation of free amino acids has been described, which seriously interferes the chromatographic determination of binders in pictorial samples (Colombini et al, 1999;Scott et al, 2004;Kuckova et al, 2005).…”

Section: E) Pigment-binder Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of analytical methods for the characterization of tempera paintings at micro- and nano-scale and their deterioration and biodeterioration processes.

Miranda¹

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An Ancient Egyptian Cartonnage Broad Collar - Technical Examination of Pigments and Binding Media

Cited by 15 publications

References 8 publications

A Study of Biodeterioration and Chromatic Alterations of Painted and Gilded Mummy Cartonnage at the Saqqara Museum Storeroom, Egypt

A Study of Biodeterioration and Chromatic Alterations of Painted and Gilded Mummy Cartonnage at the Saqqara Museum Storeroom, Egypt

Organic Residues in Archaeology: The Highs and Lows of Recent Research

Development of analytical methods for the characterization of tempera paintings at micro- and nano-scale and their deterioration and biodeterioration processes.

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