An anatomical study of cholinergic innervation in rat cerebral cortex

Eckenstein, F.; Baughman, Robert W.; Quinn, Joseph F.

doi:10.1016/0306-4522(88)90251-5

Cited by 334 publications

(147 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…1 B). Additionally, few ChAT-positive cells, which have been described previously (Eckenstein et al, 1988;Lysakowski et al, 1989) but the function of which is still unknown, could be detected in the prejuvenile PFC (Fig. 1 A).…”

Section: Ingrowing Cholinergic Projections From the Basal Forebrain Tmentioning

confidence: 78%

Cholinergic Control in Developing Prefrontal–Hippocampal Networks

Janiesch¹,

Krüger²,

Poschel³

et al. 2011

J. Neurosci.

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The cholinergic drive enhances input processing in attentional and mnemonic context by interacting with the activity of prefrontalhippocampal networks. During development, acetylcholine modulates neuronal proliferation, differentiation, and synaptic plasticity, yet its contribution to the maturation of cognitive processing resulting from early entrainment of neuronal networks in oscillatory rhythms remains widely unknown. Here we show that cholinergic projections growing into the rat prefrontal cortex (PFC) toward the end of the first postnatal week boost the generation of nested gamma oscillations superimposed on discontinuous spindle bursts by acting on functional muscarinic but not nicotinic receptors. Although electrical stimulation of cholinergic nuclei increased the occurrence of nested gamma spindle bursts by 41%, diminishment of the cholinergic input by either blockade of the receptors or chronic immunotoxic lesion had the opposite effect. This activation of locally generated gamma episodes by direct cholinergic projections to the PFC was accompanied by indirect modulation of underlying spindle bursts via cholinergic control of hippocampal theta activity. With ongoing maturation and switch of network activity from discontinuous bursts to continuous theta-gamma rhythms, accumulating cholinergic projections acting on both muscarinic and nicotinic receptors mediated the transition from high-amplitude slow to low-amplitude fast rhythms in the PFC. By exerting multiple actions on the oscillatory entrainment of developing prefrontal-hippocampal networks, the cholinergic input may refine them for later gating processing in executive and mnemonic tasks.

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Section: Ingrowing Cholinergic Projections From the Basal Forebrain Tmentioning

confidence: 78%

Cholinergic Control in Developing Prefrontal–Hippocampal Networks

Janiesch¹,

Krüger²,

Poschel³

et al. 2011

J. Neurosci.

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“…Significant T 2 hypointensities (VBT2) were observed in the MSN, hippocampus, cingulate cortex, and retrosplenial cortex of Ts65Dn mice, and correlate anatomically with the loss of cholinergic markers specifically within the MSN, the efferent projection path of MSN neurons, and the corresponding postsynaptic targets of this cholinergic innervation. Although cholinergic MSN neurons comprise approximately 5% of the total cholinergic neuron population in brain, they provide the major cholinergic innervation to the hippocampal formation as well as innervate the cingulate cortex and retrosplenial cortex [12,24,51,55]. In Ts65Dn mice, cholinergic fibers were decreased in CA fields of the hippocampus, notably in CA3, a region which receives an especially rich projection from the MSN [51].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vivo MRI identifies cholinergic circuitry deficits in a Down syndrome model

Chen

Dyakin

Branch

et al. 2009

Neurobiology of Aging

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In vivo quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was employed to detect brain pathology and map its distribution within control, disomic mice (2N) and in Ts65Dn and Ts1Cje trisomy mice with features of human Down syndrome (DS). In Ts65Dn, but not Ts1Cje mice, transverse proton spinspin (T 2 ) relaxation time was selectively reduced in the medial septal nucleus (MSN) and in brain regions that receive cholinergic innervation from the MSN, including the hippocampus, cingulate cortex, and retrosplenial cortex. Basal forebrain cholinergic neurons (BFCNs) in the MSN, identified by choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and nerve growth factor receptors p75 NTR and TrkA immunolabeling were reduced in Ts65Dn brains and in situ acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was depleted distally along projecting cholinergic fibers, and selectively on pre-and post-synaptic profiles in these target areas. T 2 effects were negligible in Ts1Cje mice that are diploid for APP and lack BFCN neuropathology, consistent with the suspected relationship of this pathology to increased App dosage. These results establish the utility of quantitative MRI in vivo for identifying Alzheimer's disease-relevant cholinergic changes in animal models of DS and the selective vulnerability of cholinergic neuron subpopulations.

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“…It has been implicated in Many important brain functions, such as arousal (Celesia & Jasper, 1966), attention (Muir et al, 1994; for a review see Saner & Bruno, 2000) and sensory discrimination (Jacobs & Juliano, 1995). It is projected from the nucleus basalis of the basal forebrain (Eckenstein· et al, 1988;Mesulam et al, 1983;Mesulan & Van Hoesen, 1976) and terminates diffusely tbroughout the cerebral cortex.…”

Section: Acetylcholinementioning

confidence: 99%