An anatomical model for streaming potentials in osteons

Pollack, Solomon R.; Petrov, N.; Salzstein, R.; Brankov, G.; Blagoeva, Rumiana

doi:10.1016/0021-9290(84)90094-0

Cited by 91 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Permeability studies and dye staining indicate that during SP measurements, flow occurs primarily through the bone tissue vascular channels (13). Permeability data estimated the channels to be in the pm range (13), similar to other reported data (32). This further supports the notion that fluid flow during intact SP experiments takes place primarily through the Haversian canals.…”

supporting

confidence: 89%

Electrokinetic behavior of intact wet bone: Compartmental model

Walsh

Güzelsu

1991

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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Streaming potential experiments were performed on chemically-treated intact wet bone plugs equilibrated in potential-determining ion buffers. Comparison of calculated zeta (zeta) potentials from intact wet bone streaming potentials and bone particle electrophoresis indicates different values. Intact streaming potential experiments, where fluid is forced through the samples, represents flow, primarily through the vascular channel system, and contribution of the organically-lined channels to the electrokinetic zeta potential. Bone particle electrophoresis represents mainly the electrokinetic contribution of exposed mineralized matrix. The organic linings present in the vascular channel system limit potential-determining ions' access to the mineralized matrix. These linings may have an important role in mineral homeostasis and control of ion fluxes between bone compartments.

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supporting

confidence: 89%

Electrokinetic behavior of intact wet bone: Compartmental model

Walsh

Güzelsu

1991

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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“…The long axes of ellipsoidal osteocytic lacunae in transverse sections have been reported to be 5-10µm in length and to be parallel to the Haversian lamellae (Pollack et al, 1984). Our measurement data are in agreement.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…Moreover, patterns of cortical fluid flow are not only related to the differences in histological techniques and microscopic observation, but also with animal models and molecular size of makers used for labeling cortical fluid flow (Seliger, 1970;Kelly, 1973;Dillaman, 1984;Montgomery et al, 1988;KnotheTate et al, 1998). In our study, using ferritin as a fluid marker (molecular size of 0.01µm), flow pattern within the canaliculi-osteocytic lacunae system (canal diameter larger that 0.2µm) was well demonstrated but not the fluid pattern within the microporosity of the collagen-hydroxyapatite matrix due to their small size from 0.001 to 0.02µm (Pollack et al, 1984;Knothe et al, 1998). Flows within the matrix microporosity have only been implicated indirectly in some streaming potential analyses (Salzstein et al, 1987).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Histomorphological study on pattern of fluid movement in cortical bone in goats

et al. 1999

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Streaming potential is considered one of the most important mechanisms to moderate the function of osteoblasts and osteocytes in bone growth, remodeling and fracture repair. The present study was designed to demonstrate the fluid flow pattern in the cortical bone matrix in an animal model using undecalcified histological techniques. Immediately after injection of ferritin into the tibia nutrient artery of four adult goats, the animals were euthanized. Undecalcified transverse and longitudinal blocks of cortical bone obtained from the tibial diaphysis were immersed in Perl's reagent and embedded in methyl methacrylate. Sections were cut and ground to 30-50 µm thickness for histomorphological evaluation at different magnifications and focusing levels. A serial grinding technique was used to validate the observations made at different focusing levels. As expected, ferritin was observed in the interstitial compartment in both transverse and longitudinal sections. In osteons sectioned transversely, the pattern of centrifugal movement of ferritin marker was demonstrated as single or multiple halos around the Haversian canal. The most apparent halo in osteons with multiple halos was the one found closest to the Haversian canal. The total number of identifiable single or multiple halos increased or was altered when counting was made with higher magnification or at different focusing levels, respectively. Irregular and incomplete ferritin halos indicated structural complexity of the osteons. Overall, the pattern of ferritin movement was consistent with bulk interstitial fluid flow influenced by both hydrostatic pressure and transudation. This study demonstrated for the first time multiple concentric halos of the fluid flow marker ferritin around Haversian canals in the cortical interstitial compartment. The results suggest that the undecalcified technique might be a useful method for qualitative and quantitative studies on cortical fluid flow. Anat Rec 255: 380-387, 1999. 1999 Key words: fluid flow; cortical bone; ferritin transudation; undecalcification; histology; microscopy Mature cortical bone is structurally organized into osteons. Each osteon is roughly cylindrical in shape with concentric lamellae around the vasculature-containing Haversian canal. Between the lamellae lie the ellipsoidal lacunae where the osteocytes reside. Cortical bone has a hierarchical network of flow channels, i.e. the longitudinal Haversian and the transverse Volkmann's canals to the tiny lacunae-canaliculi channels around the bone cells, and the microporosity of the collagen-hydroxyapatite bone matrix (Cooper et al

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“…Various mechanisms have been suggested for the manner in which bone cells are stimulated by fluid flow including streaming potentials (20,21), wall shear stress (13), and chemotransport (22). Recent study (7) suggests that flow-derived shear stress is the most significant and primary mediator of fluid flow mechanical stimulation at least as far as its impact on the chemical mediators nitric oxide and prostaglandin E 2 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluid flow increases mineralized matrix deposition in 3D perfusion culture of marrow stromal osteoblasts in a dose-dependent manner

Bancroft

Sikavitsas

Dolder

et al. 2002

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

632

524

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Bone is a complex highly structured mechanically active 3D tissue composed of cellular and matrix elements. The true biological environment of a bone cell is thus derived from a dynamic interaction between responsively active cells experiencing mechanical forces and a continuously changing 3D matrix architecture. To investigate this phenomenon in vitro, marrow stromal osteoblasts were cultured on 3D scaffolds under flow perfusion with different rates of flow for an extended period to permit osteoblast differentiation and significant matrix production and mineralization. With all flow conditions, mineralized matrix production was dramatically increased over statically cultured constructs with the total calcium content of the cultured scaffolds increasing with increasing flow rate. Flow perfusion induced de novo tissue modeling with the formation of pore-like structures in the scaffolds and enhanced the distribution of cells and matrix throughout the scaffolds. These results represent reporting of the long-term effects of fluid flow on primary differentiating osteoblasts and indicate that fluid flow has far-reaching effects on osteoblast differentiation and phenotypic expression in vitro. Flow perfusion culture permits the generation and study of a 3D, actively modeled, mineralized matrix and can therefore be a valuable tool for both bone biology and tissue engineering. Bone is a complex, highly organized tissue consisting of a structured extracellular matrix composed of inorganic and organic elements containing a conglomeration of cell types responsible for its metabolism and upkeep that are responsive to a variety of signals (1). As would be expected from the skeleton's central role in support and structural integrity, bone cells cultured in vitro respond to a variety of different mechanical signals including fluid flow, hydrostatic pressure, and substrate deformation.Current studies indicate that fluid flow is a potentially stronger stimulus for bone cell behavior than either hydrostatic compression (2) or substrate deformation (3, 4). The in vitro mechanical stimulation of bone cells by fluid flow has been reported to impact the levels of many biochemical factors including intracellular calcium (5, 6), nitric oxide (4, 7-9), prostaglandin E 2 (3, 4, 7, 8), the expression of the genes for osteopontin, cyclooxygenase-2, and c-Fos (6, 10-12) as well as other intracellular messengers and transcription factors (6,(13)(14)(15). This mechanostimulation of bone cells in vitro by fluid flow mimics the physiological response of bone cells in vivo where pressure gradients from mechanical loading of locomotion and other stressors deform the mineralized bone matrix and move extracellular fluid radially outward toward the cortex through the lacunocanalicular network (16)(17)(18)(19). Mechanical loading of bone plays an important role because it can both increase bone formation and decrease bone resorption (1). Indeed, its absence can lead to lower bone matrix protein production, mineral content, and bone formation plus incr...

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An anatomical model for streaming potentials in osteons

Cited by 91 publications

References 16 publications

Electrokinetic behavior of intact wet bone: Compartmental model

Electrokinetic behavior of intact wet bone: Compartmental model

Histomorphological study on pattern of fluid movement in cortical bone in goats

Fluid flow increases mineralized matrix deposition in 3D perfusion culture of marrow stromal osteoblasts in a dose-dependent manner

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