An Anatomic Study of Nipple Position and Areola Size in Asian Men

Kasai, Shogo; Shimizu, Yusuke; Nagasao, Tomohisa; Ohnishi, Fumio; Minabe, Toshiharu; Momosawa, Akira; Kishi, Kazuo

doi:10.1093/asj/sju023

Cited by 22 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Areola hypertrophy is a relatively common condition seen in both men and women with an unknown etiology leading to the random variation in size. 1 It is more common for men to expose their nipple-areola complex (NAC) in public due to social norms and being shirtless. This can lead to more frequent feelings of self-consciousness but does not diminish the fact that for women this is just as concerning an issue.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Percutaneous Areola Reduction

Wiesman,

Rabin

2024

Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery - Global Open

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Summary: We present a novel percutaneous areola reduction technique that, to our knowledge, has never been used or published in the past. This technique is a useful solution to the downsides of the current most commonly used technique for areola reductions that uses a circumareolar incision. Our current technique utilizes a percutaneous approach, which is a minimally invasive procedure, and produces a virtually scarless result.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Percutaneous Areola Reduction

Wiesman,

Rabin

2024

Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery - Global Open

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“…Various distance measurements ranged from simple landmark to landmark distances, ratio of landmarks, or geometric shapes involving the landmarks. 13 , 15-21 , 23 , 25 Other authors reported using PMM as the main predictor of NAC placement. 13 , 16-17 , 19 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Nipple-Areola Complex Localization Using Male Cadavers: Considerations for Gender-Affirming Surgery

Moorefield

Stock

Rose-Reneau

et al. 2021

Aesthetic Surgery Journal Open Forum

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Background Masculinizing chest reconstruction is the most common gender-affirming surgery in transgender males. Despite the current literature’s acknowledgement of the vital role that proper placement of the nipple-areola complex (NAC) plays in a masculine chest contour, there is still much debate regarding the best anatomical landmarks to achieve the desired result. Objectives The primary aim of this study is to determine which landmarks for NAC placement can be applied across diverse body types and aid surgeons in creating a masculine chest. Methods Twenty-five formaldehyde-embalmed male cadavers were analyzed by conducting various measurements of the NAC, nipple and surrounding bony and muscular landmarks to identify the most consistent landmarks for proper NAC placement. Linear regression analyses were run to determine how distance between nipple to respective landmarks varied based on antemortem body mass index (BMI), height, weight, and age. Results The measurements for the inferior and lateral borders of the pectoralis major muscle displayed the least amount of variance of all the anatomical landmarks studied. Additionally, there was no significant change in these pectoral measurements with varying BMI, height, weight, or age, indicating that these measurements are reliable landmarks for NAC placement across various body types. The average NAC placement in relation to the inferior and lateral borders of pectoralis major muscle (PMM) were around 2.5 cm and 2.0 cm, respectively. Conclusions Our cadaveric analysis indicates that aesthetically pleasing masculine chest results can be produced consistently across varying body types when adhering to a simple pectoral approach in NAC placement.

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“…The reconstruction of a male NAC from the female one requires precise evaluation of the nipple projection, the NAC position, shape, and size 2,3 . In trans men chest wall contouring, free nipple grafting after double-incision mastectomy is required when dealing with ptotic breasts, in order to obtain a flat and pleasant chest contour with the NAC positioned in the correct male anatomic position 4,5 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Male Nipple Areolar Complex Design in Trans Men Chest Masculinization

Ramella

Stocco

Grezar

et al. 2022

PRRS

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Background. Chest-Wall Contouring is generally the first surgical step Trans Men sex reassignment surgery. In case of medium/big size and ptotic breast, free nipple graft technique is the procedure of choice. The position and aspect of neo-nipples are of paramount importance to resemble a male chest. The aim of the present paper was to develop and apply a simple new method of nipple-areola complex free graft. Methods. From January 2018 to December 2020 a novel nipple areola complex (NAC) grafting technique was developed and used when dealing with breast amputation and NAC graft in patients with nipple projection and dimension > 1 cm. The graft was taken from the pigmented skin from the areola leaving a central 5 mm diameter of thoracic/recipient skin. Results. 15 patients (30 NACs) were treated with the described new NACs graft technique. All patients healed uneventfully and none of them required revision surgery or correction. Discussions. Traditional nipple grafts harvested from the areola are often flat or depressed. Nipple grafts harvested from large and projected female nipples are frequently associated with partial necrosis, graft discoloration and need for revision surgeries or tattoos. In our series, the use of a graft harvested from the pigmented skin of the areola and leaving a central 5 mm diameter of thoracic/recipient skin creates a 3D shadow effect similar to the one of a male nipple. This original and simple procedure can aid surgeons with reproducible nipple reconstructions in free nipple graft mastectomy in case of large nipples.

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An Anatomic Study of Nipple Position and Areola Size in Asian Men

Abstract: Nipple position and areola size vary by body shape. Consideration of the differences is recommended when performing procedures such as female-to-male gender-reassignment surgery or correction of gynecomastia.

Cited by 22 publications

References 19 publications

Novel Percutaneous Areola Reduction

Novel Percutaneous Areola Reduction

Analysis of Nipple-Areola Complex Localization Using Male Cadavers: Considerations for Gender-Affirming Surgery

A New Male Nipple Areolar Complex Design in Trans Men Chest Masculinization

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