An analytical study of reduced-gravity propellant settling

Aerodynamic Drag Mechanisms of Bluff Bodies and Road Vehicles

“…Velocity profiles underneath a car which have been measured by Kramer et al (1974) and which are reproduced in Fig. 28 clearly indicate this effect.…”

“…--without spoiler after Kramer et al (1974) Additionally, a front spoiler causes a reduction in pressure on the front underbody panel, see Fig. 29, and under the engine compartment's hood.…”

“…Therefore, the increased resolution needed for their definition can also be localized and need not correspond to a uniform increase in resolution over the entire flow field. It is possible, for example, to locally subdivide coarse mesh cells into successively finer zones (Bradshaw & Kramer 1974;Brandt 1972) or to use ALE-type meshes (Trulio 1966;Hirt et al 1974;Pracht 1975) that are deformed in such a way as to give the desired resolution where it is needed (for other possibilities see Sec. IV).…”