“…It is understood as high stiffness and minimal weight (Kim et al, 2010). Composite structures provide large weight savings compared to metal structures, while remaining with relatively high stiffness (Zhou et al, 2019). Typical aerospace lightweight structures are sandwich panels (with foam, honeycomb, web or truss core - Arunkumar et al, 2016) or stiffened composite panels (e. g. with blade ribs, T-bar ribs or hat-ribs - Pravallika and Yugender, 2016;Zalewski and Bednarcyk, 2010).…”