“…The selection of these parameters has been meticulously made by incorporating findings from multiple theoretical and experimental research studies. [ 7,13,17,18,46–48 ] At room temperature, both holes and electrons have an approximate thermal velocity of 10 7 cm s ‐1 . In this study, we utilized the absorption coefficients of various materials [ 7,49 ] such as Sb 2 Se 3 , Sb 2 S 3 , CdS, ZnO, and ZnO:Al, as depicted in Figure .…”