An analytical model for predicting rotor broadband noise due to turbulent boundary layer ingestion

Karve, Ravish; Angland, David; Nodé-Langlois, Thomas

doi:10.1016/j.jsv.2018.08.020

Cited by 8 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(46 reference statements)

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“…The partial blade-to-blade correlation leads to narrow-band noise around harmonics of the blade-passing frequency, also known as haystacking. In this paper, we have shown that previous derivations of Amiet's theory did not agree on a key calculation in order to account for blade-to-blade correlation of the noise sources (Paterson & Amiet 1979;Amiet 1989;Karve et al 2018). A corrected derivation of the time between blade chops of the same turbulent eddy as heard by the observer was presented.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Karve et al (2018) used Amiet's model to show that theoretical predictions agree reasonably well with experimental results for noise generated due to turbulent boundary layer ingestion. However, Amiet (1989) and Karve et al (2018) disagree on the calculation of the time between blade chops. In this paper, we derive this result in a simple and clear way, and identify the correct form by comparing far-field noise predictions against the rotational model of turbulence ingestion noise.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…Karve et al. (2018) used Amiet's model to show that theoretical predictions agree reasonably well with experimental results for noise generated due to turbulent boundary layer ingestion. However, Amiet (1989) and Karve et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

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Turbulence ingestion noise generation in rotating blades

Raposo,

Azarpeyvand

2024

J. Fluid Mech.

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The interaction between ingested turbulence and rotating blades is a key source of broadband noise in engineering applications. In this paper, a far-field noise model accounting for source correlation across the span of the blade and between blades is developed and applied to the study of homogeneous isotropic turbulence ingestion by a model cooling fan, wind turbine and aircraft propeller. The widely used theory of Amiet is revisited and it is shown that previous works produce conflicting results when attempting to account for blade-to-blade correlation. Central to the model is the calculation of the time between blade chops of the same turbulent eddy as heard by the observer. In this paper it is shown that, when derived correctly, Amiet's theory accounts for correlated sources between blades and, thus, can predict haystacking tones. Comparisons with the new rotational formulation and with experimental data enable us to show that Amiet's theory can be used to accurately predict turbulence ingestion noise from open rotors. In particular, it is found that the infinite-span assumption in strip theory and the neglect of correlation effects across the span do not undermine the accuracy of this theory. This is of great importance because, unlike Amiet's theory, models which treat rotational effects and source correlation exactly are expensive to evaluate routinely at high frequencies due to the slow convergence of infinite series with Bessel functions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

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Turbulence ingestion noise generation in rotating blades

Raposo,

Azarpeyvand

2024

J. Fluid Mech.

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“…In order to allow for a thorough noise assessment of such vehicles, a crucial step is the investigation of the noise emission of the technological features on the component level and, based on such investigations, the development of source models that can be incorporated into scientific noise assessment tools, such as sonAIR. This matter has been studied already for some examples on the component level, e.g., boundary layer ingestion noise is studied using both, analytical [61,62] and numerical approaches [63] or the Coanda flap, i.e., a high-lift device is studied regarding noise in [64][65][66] by means of numerical and experimental approaches. For the Coanda flap, even a system noise assessment is shown in [67].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Noise Assessment of Holding Approach Procedures Using a Multi-Level Simulation Framework

et al. 2022

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Computational models of sufficient quality are indispensable to quantitatively assess aircraft noise reduction measures. Within this study, a multi-level simulation framework is established in order to predict the environmental noise of holding approach procedures by coupling simulation models from three different domains: flight performance calculation employing the base of aircraft data (BADA), jet engine performance using the software Gasturb and aircraft noise simulations based on the software sonAIR. Two different concepts of holding approach procedures are investigated, namely, the vertical holding stack and the linear hold point merge. The study is conducted considering generic air traffic scenarios at a single-runway airport. Thereby, the investigated air traffic is based on a statistical analysis of traffic data at existing airports and thus assumed to be representative. As the aircraft’s noise emission depends on both the aircraft and the engine performance, reliable results can be expected only if all individual challenges and interdependencies are accounted for simultaneously. Addressing this challenge is the main contribution of the presented work. The presented results show the plausibility of the proposed multi-level simulation framework, thus supporting its use to investigate the environmental noise impact of air traffic scenarios.

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“…Wake ingestion noise has received particular research interest for aircraft turbomachinery, including recent trends such as boundary layer ingestion into propulsion devices [145][146][147] and contrarotating open rotors. 107,148,149 The suitability of such existing noise prediction models for wake ingestion noise of eVTOL aircraft must be evaluated.…”

Section: Ingestion Noisementioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges and opportunities for low noise electric aircraft

Greenwood

Brentner

Rau

et al. 2022

International Journal of Aeroacoustics

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A new class of electric aircraft is being developed to transport people and goods as a part of the urban and regional transportation infrastructure. To gain public acceptance of these operations, these aircraft need to be much quieter than conventional airplanes and helicopters. This article seeks to review and summarize the aeroacoustic research relevant to this new category of aircraft. First, a brief review of the history of electric aircraft is provided, with an emphasis on how these aircraft differ from conventional aircraft. Next, the physics of rotor noise generation are reviewed, and the noise sources most likely to be of concern for electric aircraft are highlighted. These are divided into deterministic and nondeterministic sources of noise. Deterministic noise is expected to be dominated by the unsteady loading noise caused by the aerodynamic interactions between components. Nondeterministic noise will be generated by the interaction of the rotor or propeller blades with turbulence from ingested wakes, the atmosphere, and self-generated in the boundary layer. The literature for these noise sources is reviewed with a focus on applicability to electric aircraft. Challenges faced by the aeroacoustician in understanding the noise generation of electric aircraft are then identified, as well as the new opportunities for the prediction and reduction of electric aircraft noise that may be enabled by advances in computational aeroacoustics, flight simulation, and autonomy.

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An analytical model for predicting rotor broadband noise due to turbulent boundary layer ingestion

Cited by 8 publications

References 27 publications

Turbulence ingestion noise generation in rotating blades

Turbulence ingestion noise generation in rotating blades

Environmental Noise Assessment of Holding Approach Procedures Using a Multi-Level Simulation Framework

Challenges and opportunities for low noise electric aircraft

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