An Analytical Method for Groundwater Inflow into a Drained Circular Tunnel

Kai, Shoichi; Zhou, Yizhuo; Wu, Haijun; Shi, Changzheng; Zhou, Li

doi:10.1111/gwat.12513

Cited by 44 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…However, increasing PO 4 3− and NO 3 − could be attributed to the extensive use of fertilizers and pesticides (Alshahri and El-Taher 2018). The high vertical permeability of Quaternary loss could facilitate the vertical transport of contaminants into groundwater (Su et al 2017). For drinking water, 18 groundwater samples had F − levels greater than the WHO permissible limit (2011) (1.5 mg/l).…”

Section: Hm Concentrations and Pollution Indicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of groundwater quality in central Saudi Arabia using hydrogeochemical characteristics and pollution indices

Alharbi

El‐Sorogy

Qaysi

et al. 2021

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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The groundwater quality and heavy metal contamination were evaluated in thirty palm farms, central Saudi Arabia using pollution indices, irrigation quality parameters, and multivariate statistical analyses. The results showed that the average values of TDS, Ca + , Na + , K + , Cl − , SO 4 2− , and F − were greater than the permissible limits of the WHO standards for drinking water. The groundwater facies types were Ca-Na-SO 4 -Cl (23 samples), Ca-Cl-SO 4 , (4 samples), and Ca-SO 4 -Cl type (3 samples). The groundwater quality index indicated that 15 groundwater samples were of good quality and 15 were of poor quality, whereas the metal index and heavy metal pollution index indicated that all samples were categorized as slightly affected and with low pollution, respectively. The variation is attributed to the increasing average values of some ions and decreasing HMs. The dissolution/precipitation of silicates, gypsum, and carbonates, and soil leaching were the natural factors affecting groundwater chemistry, whereas higher PO 4 3− , NO 3 − , F − , Pb, and Zn values in some samples may be attributed to human activities from the extensive use of fertilizers and pesticides on the investigated farms.

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Section: Hm Concentrations and Pollution Indicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of groundwater quality in central Saudi Arabia using hydrogeochemical characteristics and pollution indices

Alharbi

El‐Sorogy

Qaysi

et al. 2021

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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“…The second part of this section illustrates the construction of the computational model for the case study of Baghdad metro. [18], studied the water inflow toward sub-water circular tunnels excavated in a rock soil. They developed a new analytical equation to determine the quantity of seepage through the rock mass.…”

Section: Numerical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Water seepage Along Proposed Baghdad Metro Tunnel Across Tigris River

Hamid¹,

Husain

2021

NJES

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Water seepage can cause serious problems in geotechnical engineering especially for construction under the water level. Baghdad metro tunnel is one of the leading vital projects to solve the major problem of crowding roadways in a highly population increase city like Baghdad. In this study, the seepage rate that will flow toward different selected points along the tunnel section across Tigris River was calculated during the excavation process, with the consideration of three different water levels of River at maximum, moderate, and minimum water depths. A three-dimensional model of the study has been modeled using the finite element software (PLAXIS 3D V20). The water seepage was observed for six different locations on each route of the tunnel. The study showed that the change of water depth in the river has no significant effect on the seepage – time curve shape. However, increasing the water level in River from minimum to maximum leads to increase the seepage rate about 15%.

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“…The assessment or prediction of groundwater inflows is crucial for the design and stability of tunnels, as well as for mitigating associated environmental impacts. 1,2 Adequate planifications are always required prior to excavate deep rock tunnels, particularly those built in saturated media. Due to the growing needs of underground spaces, tunnels are generally designed and built for various purposes such as water conveyance, reservoirs emptying, hydropower stations, sanitary drainage, transport systems, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation methods for groundwater inflows into rock tunnels: a state-of-the-art review

Frenelus¹,

Peng²,

Zhang³

2021

IJH

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Groundwater inflow into tunnels is always a salient topic in Hydrology, Hydraulic Engineering, Hydrogeology, Rock Engineering and allied sciences. In fact, tunnels particularly built below the groundwater table, often face groundwater inflows during their excavation, and even sometimes after they are put into operation. These inflows, habitually regarded as unpredictable geological hazards, cause instabilities in the surrounding rocks of tunnels, and lead to considerable damages such as injuries, loss of lives, and huge-scaled economic expenses. It is argued that groundwater conditions are of decisive significance for the design and running of tunnels. Therefore, accurate prediction or evaluation of groundwater inflows into tunnels is of paramount importance. Such prediction, although it is still challenging, has been broached by many researchers with diverse methods. However, a state-of-the-art review of these methods has not yet been presented. This paper reviews the assessment methods of groundwater inflows into tunnels built in rocky media. The results mainly include analytical, semi-analytical, empirical, semi-empirical, numerical, machine learning, and other methods used in the field. This was made possible by selecting and analysing relevant scientific articles published by various worldwide Journals. In addition, some recommendations and future trends are pointed out. This paper can provide useful references in understanding groundwater inflows prediction in different points of view and their limits in terms of applicability and accuracy.

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An Analytical Method for Groundwater Inflow into a Drained Circular Tunnel

Cited by 44 publications

References 12 publications

Evaluation of groundwater quality in central Saudi Arabia using hydrogeochemical characteristics and pollution indices

Evaluation of groundwater quality in central Saudi Arabia using hydrogeochemical characteristics and pollution indices

Evaluation of Water seepage Along Proposed Baghdad Metro Tunnel Across Tigris River

Evaluation methods for groundwater inflows into rock tunnels: a state-of-the-art review

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