An analytical electron microscopy study of a commercial activated carbon

Determination of chemical characterizations of activated carbons from various raw materials

“…It was worth noting that N4, an impregnated carbon and used for removal of acidic vapors, contained an extremely high K content (>70%), which could be attributed to the effect of the solutions of impregnation. Large amounts of elements Al, Si, S and Fe were observed in the bituminous carbons; however, elements Na and Mg were hardly detected, which was consistent with the findings suggested in the literature [2,[5][6]. The coconut-shelled carbon had a,significant K content but the weight percents of other elements were low.…”

“…The coconut-shelled carbon had a,significant K content but the weight percents of other elements were low. Compared with the mass ratios of Al to Si, the carbons made of the same raw material presented very similar values, which agreed with the result reported by Ishizaki [6]. It was also observed that the ratios for the bituminous carbons were higher than that for the peat carbons as well as extremely larger than for the coconut-shelled carbon.…”

“…From the measurements of EDXRF in Calgon F400, Alben and Jacobs [5] suggested that S should be incorporated into the condensed organic matrix of carbon; Cl and Ca probably resulted from exogenous materials and about 85% of adsorbed Cl could be removed by heating to 400°C; Corapcioglu and Huang [2] also explained Cl content in the ash might be the retention of washing reagents. Ishizaki [6] found Fe was related to the catalytic activity of the carbons, and after heat treatment, the relative amount of S on F200 decreased while the amounts of Al, Si and Fe increased.…”

Evaluations of the physicochemical characterizations of activated carbons

“…It was indicated that heat-treated carbons at 1000 °C did not significantly change the surface area and pore size distribution as compared to the original carbon. However, the acidic surface oxides were eliminated so that chloroform could be adsorbed at a higher rate with a heavier monolayer coverage (Ishizaki et al, 1988). Fanning & Vannice (1993), conducting a DRIFTS study on the formation of surface groups on carbons, found that oxygen exposure would generate the ether structure; the cyclic anhydrides developed when further oxygen was added.…”