An Analytical Approach to the Theory of Social Stratification

Parsons, Talcott

doi:10.1086/218489

Cited by 263 publications

(154 citation statements)

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“…Another theoretical perspective on the destabilizing effect of wives' employment is Parsons' status competition theory (Parsons 1940). This theory asserts that, when both spouses are career-oriented, intra-familial stress may occur due to status competition between the spouses, and this might lead to divorce.…”

Section: Women's Economic Activity As a Destabilizing Factor For Marrmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some of them suggest that wives' economic activity has a destabilizing effect on marriage (Becker 1991;Brines 1994;Lundberg and Pollak 1996;Manser and Brown 1980;Nock 1995Nock , 2001Parsons 1940), while other theoretical perspectives assert that it has a stabilizing effect (Cherlin 2000;Moffitt 2000;Oppenheimer 1977;Rogers 2004). Each of these groups of theories is based on different underlying assumptions regarding the existence of asymmetry or symmetry between the spouses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Les déterminants économiques du divorce parmi les couples à double revenu : le cas des juifs en Israël

Raz-Yurovich

2012

Eur J Population

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The second half of the twentieth century saw tremendous changes in the economics of the household, as women entered the labor force in growing numbers and the share of dual-earners couples increased. These changes challenge the available theories which explain divorce by economic factors, as they are mostly molded in the homemaker-breadwinner model. In this study, we investigate the validity of two main groups of theories: one which asserts that women's work has a destabilizing effect on marriage, and assumes asymmetry between the spouses; and another which states that women's employment has a stabilizing effect, and assumes that relations between spouses are symmetric. By employing a large-scale longitudinal register-based data for the Jewish population in Israel, we find asymmetry in the effect of the spouses' economic characteristics on marital instability, which suggest that theories that assert asymmetry and power relations between the spouses better explain transition to divorce among this group. In line with theories of income pooling, higher shared salaries are found to increase marital stability. Nonetheless, our results demonstrate that the basic assumption of symmetry between the spouses in these theories does not hold. Although employment stability for both spouses appears to reduce divorce risk, only the husband's salary is shown to negatively affect the odds of divorce and only the wife's working hours and sector of employment affect marriage instability. Moreover, couples in which the wife earns as much as or more than the husband are found to have the highest divorce risk. Résumé Des changements considérables ont été observés dans la situation économique des ménages au cours de la seconde moitié du 20e siècle avec l'entrée croissante des femmes sur le marché du travail et l'augmentation de la proportion de couples bi-actifs. Ces changements interpellent les théories existantes qui mettent en avant les facteurs économiques pour expliquer le divorce, car elles s'inscrivent dans le modèle personne au foyer -soutien de famille. Dans cet article, nous examinons la validité des deux principaux groupes de théories : le premier qui affirme que le travail des femmes est un facteur de déstabilisation du mariage et suppose une asymétrie entre conjoints, le second qui postule que le travail des femmes est un facteur de stabilisation et se base sur l'hypothèse que les relations entre conjoints sont symétriques. A partir de données longitudinales de registres concernant une large partie de la population juive en Israël, une asymétrie dans l'effet des caractéristiques économiques des conjoints sur l'instabilité conjugale est observée, ce qui laisse supposer que les théories qui considèrent une asymétrie et des relations de pouvoir entre les conjoints expliquent mieux la survenue du divorce dans ce groupe. Conformément à la théorie de mise en commun des revenus, des salaires partagés plus élevés augmentent la stabilité maritale. Néanmoins, nos résultats montrent que l'hypothèse de base de symétrie entre...

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Section: Women's Economic Activity As a Destabilizing Factor For Marrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Les déterminants économiques du divorce parmi les couples à double revenu : le cas des juifs en Israël

Raz-Yurovich

2012

Eur J Population

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“…Status is defined as position within a social structure that confers rights, prestige, or honor upon an individual according to various ascribed and achieved criteria (Parsons, 1970). Status not only relates to the position of an individual but can also be an attribute of a group that, within its larger social environment, has successfully claimed a specific honor and thus enjoys certain privileges (Parsons, 1953).…”

Section: Team-level Constraints: the Influence Of Members' Statusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Filling Empty Seats: How Status and Organizational Hierarchies Affect Exploration Versus Exploitation in Team Design

Perretti

Negro

2006

AMJ

156

108

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“…The Rapoports' foundational work brought Parsons' 1940 theory into question. They found that the avoidance of excessive rivalry and envy seems to have hinged on the capacity to take a joint perspective on the occupational situation and, to the extent that the couple could do so, they made choices that felt fair and right to them (Rapoport and Rapoport 1976, 297).…”

Section: Chronology Of Dual-career Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retention and the Dual-Military Couple Implications for Military Readiness

Long¹

2010

PsycEXTRA Dataset

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Military readiness--the ability to field trained forces that are able fight and win wars--is a top concern for military leaders. The ability of the services to retain highly trained personnel contributes, in large part, to military readiness. Readiness is negatively affected when a subgroup within the military is retained at a lower rate than the majority of military members. Such is the case of service members who are part of dual-military couples, that is, a couple consisting of two military members.The data presented in this thesis strongly support the theory that both male and female officers who are members of dual-military couples begin their careers highly motivated to remain in the service for a full 20-year career. However, after they pass the 10 year point in their careers, their comparative intention to remain for a full 20 year career is lower than their nondual military contemporaries. The analysis also supports the idea that integrating work and family life remains one of the main challenges for dual-military service members.Overall, recommendations to ameliorate the problem of lower retention of dual-military members focus on flexibility. Enacting policies that help dual-military members deconflict and/or synchronize deployments and one-year remote tours will help relieve stress on the family. Providing increased opportunities for members to be stationed together during assignments by increasing opportunities to work outside of the member's main career field, as well as maintaining the current increased tour length, will also help dual-military members to balance work and home life. Working to increase flexible Department of Defense-provided childcare options will allow dual-military members to meet their caregiving requirements as well as their military service requirements, enhancing their retention. Finally, providing a range of return-toservice options would increase all military members' control over their careers and provide them the flexibility to meet their caregiving responsibilities.

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An Analytical Approach to the Theory of Social Stratification

Cited by 263 publications

References 0 publications

Les déterminants économiques du divorce parmi les couples à double revenu : le cas des juifs en Israël

Les déterminants économiques du divorce parmi les couples à double revenu : le cas des juifs en Israël

Filling Empty Seats: How Status and Organizational Hierarchies Affect Exploration Versus Exploitation in Team Design

Retention and the Dual-Military Couple Implications for Military Readiness

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