“…For active microwave circuits, work in Iran focuses mainly on the linear and nonlinear analysis of signal and noise in the subsystems associated with microwave transceivers. Also investigated are the performances of different subsystems, e.g., power amplifiers [26]- [30], oscillators [10], mixers [31], frequency multipliers, power combiners/dividers, modulators, and demodulators. other topics such as microelectromechanical systems, metamaterials, dielectric resonator antennas, superconductors, and substrate integrated waveguides for the design and implementation of passive and active microwave circuits have attracted the attention of Iranian researchers.…”