An Analysis of the Structure, Validity, and Reliability of the Collegian Attitudes Toward Inclusive Campus Recreation (CAICR) Scale

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to test the construct validity and internal consistency of the Collegian Attitudes toward Inclusive Campus Recreation (CAICR) Scale, a collegiate adaptation of the Children’s Attitudes toward Integrated Physical Education–Revised Scale. The CAICR seeks to measure attitudes toward inclusive lifetime fitness, sport, and recreation at the collegiate level. Participants were 192 college students. The factor structure of the scale was investigated using a confirmatory factor analysis with the weighted least square estimator. The CAICR Scale demonstrated acceptable internal consistency levels for the complete scale (11 items), inclusion subscale (6 items), and sport modification subscale (5 items). Results suggest that the 2-factor model (indicating inclusion and sport modification) showed suitable model fit, and the model outperformed a single-factor solution. Current findings suggest that the CAICR has the ability to contribute to sociocultural attitude research at the collegiate level in a valid and reliable manner.

A Review of Campus Recreation and Sport-Based Experience Literature in Higher Education Contexts

“…Studies also examined complexities related to gender such participation differences between man and woman (e.g., Chu & Zhang, 2018; Cooper et al, 2012; Guan et al, 2020), the LGTBQ community (e.g., Anderson et al, 2020; Patchett & Foster, 2015; Phipps, 2021) and the relationship between gender and the provision of programing (e.g., McDowell et al, 2016; Schneider et al, 2014; Soler et al, 2017). Studies also investigated the experiences of students with physical disabilities (e.g., Devine, 2016; Dysterheft et al, 2018; McKay et al, 2019), the design of adaptive programing (e.g., Fines & Block, 2021; Gillies & Dupuis, 2013; Shapiro et al, 2020) and the prevalence of programing for vulnerable populations (e.g., Horacek et al, 2014; Zuest et al, 2021). Some scholars also examined participation trends among students registered in specific educational programs (e.g., Gathman et al, 2017; Slade & Kies, 2015), differences between undergraduate and graduate students (e.g., Henchy, 2013) and participation among first year students (e.g., Chu & Zhang, 2018; Deng et al, 2021; Helms & Moiseichik, 2018).…”

Inclusivity & Modification Attitudes in Collegiate Intramural Sport: A Pilot Study

“…The CAICR scale measures attitudes toward inclusivity and willingness to modify sport in recreationally active college students. The 11-item CAICR demonstrated high internal consistency according to McDonald’s ω of .90 (McKay et al, 2019).…”

“…The main outcomes were attitudes toward inclusion and sports modification. They were assessed using the Collegian Attitudes toward Inclusive Campus Recreation (CAICR) scale (McKay et al, 2019). The CAICR scale measures attitudes toward inclusivity and willingness to modify sport in recreationally active college students.…”

“…Other than Gillespie (2002) there appears to have been a lack of an instrument specific to college students’ attitudes toward inclusive campus recreation As a result, McKay et al (2019) developed a collegiate adaptation of the Children’s Attitudes toward Integrated Physical Education-Revised Scale (CAIPE-R; Block, 1995) known as the Collegian Attitudes toward Inclusive Campus Recreation (CAICR) scale. The CAICR was determined to be an acceptable instrument for measuring attitudes toward inclusive lifetime fitness, sport, and recreation at the collegiate level through their research.…”

“…The CAICR was determined to be an acceptable instrument for measuring attitudes toward inclusive lifetime fitness, sport, and recreation at the collegiate level through their research. Since McKay et al (2019) were focused on the validity and reliability of the CAICR they recommended that further research use the instrument with larger sample sizes and explore different college and university settings.…”