An analysis of the relationship between plasma urea and ammonia concentration in dairy cattle fed a consistent diet over a 100-day period

Laven, Richard; Wathes, D C; Lawrence, K.E.; Scaramuzzi, Rex

doi:10.1017/s0022029907002658

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Although concentration of NEFA is more sensitive to energy balance changes in transition cows, concentration of BHBA is most commonly used (Ospina et al, 2010). Urea concentrations are influenced by a variety of interrelated parameters including: dietary protein intake and rumen degradability, dietary amino acid composition, protein intake relative to requirement, liver and kidney function, muscle tissue breakdown, dietary carbohydrate amount and rumen degradability (Laven et al, 2007). Protein status can be determined by analyzing results for concentrations of total protein, albumin and urea.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of the metabolic profile test in the prediction and diagnosis of fatty liver in Holstein cows

Šamanc¹,

Kirovski²,

Stojić³

et al. 2011

Acta vet. (Beogr.)

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The aim of this study was to examine the possibility of using results of metabolic profile test in the prediction and diagnosis of fatty liver in Holstein cows. Forty dry cows, 5 to 7 days before calving, were chosen from the commercial dairy herd and included in the study. Four blood samples were taken by jugular venipuncture from each animal: 5 to 7 days before expected calving (dry period), as well as on day 12, 30 and 60 of lactation. Concentrations of glucose, β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA), total protein, albumin, urea, total bilirubin, calcium and phosphorus concentrations were measured in all blood samples. On day 12 after calving, liver percutaneous biopsies were obtained using a biopsy instrument. Liver tissue lipid content was determined by pathohistological determination. Cows were divided into two groups of equal size based on the degree of lipid accumulation in the liver: healthy cows (0.00 fat, n = 20) and cows with fatty liver syndrome (>20% fat, n = 20). Milking was measured each day from day 7 to day 60 of lactation. Results showed that 5 to 7 days before calving, as well as 12 days after calving, BHBA concentrations were significantly higher (p<0.001, respectively) in diseased cows than in healthy cows. Additionally, the concentration of glucose was significantly lower (p<0.01) and the concentration of total bilirubin significantly higher (p<0.001) in diseased compared to healthy cows, at day 12 of lactation. Thirty days after calving, concentrations of albumin, glucose, BHBA and Ca were significantly lower in diseased compared to healthy cows (p<0.05, p<0.01, p<0.01 and p<0.001, respectively). At day 60 after calving, concentrations of biochemical parameters did not differ between diseased and healthy cows. The lactation curve differed in diseased compared to healthy cows, starting from day 26 of lactation. Starting form that day until day 60 of lactation average daily milk production was significantly higher in healthy than in diseased cows, except on day 32 of lactation when the difference was not significant. Based on these results it can be concluded that the metabolic profile test may be a reliable tool for the prediction and diagnosis of fatty liver in Holstein cows

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of the metabolic profile test in the prediction and diagnosis of fatty liver in Holstein cows

Šamanc¹,

Kirovski²,

Stojić³

et al. 2011

Acta vet. (Beogr.)

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“…Simultaneously, NEFA and BHBA concentrations increase, to provide additional energy for maintenance and milk production. Among the wide variety of interrelated parameters, circulating urea concentration is influenced by the amount and rumen degradability of dietary carbohydrate and can be a good indicator of energy supply to the cow (Laven et al, 2007). Namely, the ammonia produced through protein degradation in the rumen can be used by the rumen microflora only if the amount of readily fermentable carbohydrates is sufficient.…”

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confidence: 99%

A comparison of the concentrations of energy-balance-related variables in jugular and mammary vein blood of dairy cows with different milk yield

Šamanc

Kirovski

Lakic

et al. 2014

Acta Veterinaria Hungarica

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The aim of this study was to compare the concentrations of blood variables obtained simultaneously from the jugular and mammary veins of dairy cows. Eighty Holstein cows were divided into four equal groups: dry, low-(LY), medium-(MY) and high-yielding (HY). Blood insulin, glucose, non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA), beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) and urea concentrations were measured. The jugular and mammary vein (J/M) ratio between concentrations of each variable was calculated. Differences between the groups of cows in concentrations of variables in the jugular vein were not in accordance with those obtained for the mammary vein. J/M values for insulin and glucose concentrations were above 1.0 in all groups of cows. The ratios for NEFA and BHBA concentrations were under or equal to 1.0 in dry and LY cows but above 1.0 in the MY and HY groups, indicating that in MY and HY cows those metabolites are apparently utilised by the mammary gland. J/M values for urea were above 1.0 in dry and LY cows but less than 1.0 in groups MY and HY, indicating that in the latter case urea is apparently released by the mammary gland. In conclusion, J/M for NEFA, BHBA and urea may be useful for estimation of the critical point when the mammary gland receives insufficient energy precursors for its current activity.Key words: Energy balance, mammary vein, jugular vein, dairy cow, milk yield Energy balance (EB) is calculated as the difference between energy consumption in the diet and energy use by the body to support maintenance, growth, milk

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“…According to Laven et al (2007), among a wide variety of interrelated parameters, urea nitrogen concentration is influenced by carbohydrate amount and rumen degradability and can also be a good indicator of the cow's energy supply. It has been proven that high protein/low energy diets increase blood urea nitrogen (Oetzel, 2004;Park et al, 2010).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of herd-basis energy status in clinically healthy Holstein cows: Practical implications of body condition scoring and shortened metabolic profiles

Prodanović¹

2012

Afr. J. Agric. Res.

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The objective of the study was to estimate herd-basis energy status (ES) using body condition scoring (BCS) and shortened metabolic profiles in multiparous clinically healthy dairy cows and to evaluate if such profiles can be informative in herd investigation to indicate on metabolic herd problems. A total of 180 Holstein cows from commercial herd were clinically examined and assigned to one of 3 equal groups: dry cows (15 days before expected calving), puerperal (10 days after calving) and cows at day 60 of lactation. Blood were sampled and analyzed for total protein, albumin, urea nitrogen (UN), βhydroxybutyrate (BHBA), glucose and total bilirubin. Liver samples by percutaneous biopsies were obtained at puerperal period and tested for lipid content. The cows had a mean BCS of 3.92±0.03 at dry period, 3.08 ± 0.03 at puerperal period and 2.82 ± 0.02 at day 60 of lactation. Average total protein, albumin and glucose concentrations were within the physiological range, whereas UN was higher than physiologically accepted, at all examined periods. BHBA levels increased after calving and 61.66% of puerperal cows had BHBA levels above 1 mmol/L. Average total bilirubin concentration after calving was higher than recommended. Concentrations of UN, BHBA and total bilirubin were positively correlated, whereas concentrations of total protein and glucose were negatively correlated with fatty liver degree. Albumin concentration was not correlated with fatty liver degree. In conclusion, although clinically healthy the examined cows were not in adequate ES during the transition period. Consequently, 55% of the cows had moderate to severe fatty liver. A sufficient number of highly significant correlations suggest that employed metabolic profiles may offer an indirect means of estimation energy status on a herd basis.

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An analysis of the relationship between plasma urea and ammonia concentration in dairy cattle fed a consistent diet over a 100-day period

Cited by 3 publications

References 24 publications

Application of the metabolic profile test in the prediction and diagnosis of fatty liver in Holstein cows

Application of the metabolic profile test in the prediction and diagnosis of fatty liver in Holstein cows

A comparison of the concentrations of energy-balance-related variables in jugular and mammary vein blood of dairy cows with different milk yield

Estimation of herd-basis energy status in clinically healthy Holstein cows: Practical implications of body condition scoring and shortened metabolic profiles

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