An analysis of the relation between basal metabolism and summated tissue respiration in the rat. I. The post‐pubertal albino rat

Field, John C.; Belding, Harwood S.; Martin, Arthur W.

doi:10.1002/jcp.1030140202

Cited by 107 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Representing 5.3% of the rat's body mass, the stomach, small intestine, and large intestine receives 17.1% of the rat's cardiac output (Field et al, 1939;Malik et al, 1976). For unfed fish, 20-40% of cardiac output is delivered to the gut or splanchnic circulation Axelsson et al, 2002;Altimiras et al, 2008).…”

Section: Cardiac Output and Regional Blood Flow During Rest Locomotimentioning

confidence: 99%

Prioritizing blood flow: cardiovascular performance in response to the competing demands of locomotion and digestion for the Burmese python,Python molurus

Secor

White

2010

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARYIndividually, the metabolic demands of digestion or movement can be fully supported by elevations in cardiovascular performance, but when occurring simultaneously, vascular perfusion may have to be prioritized to either the gut or skeletal muscles. Burmese pythons (Python molurus) experience similar increases in metabolic rate during the digestion of a meal as they do while crawling, hence each would have an equal demand for vascular supply when these two actions are combined. To determine, for the Burmese python, whether blood flow is prioritized when snakes are digesting and moving, we examined changes in cardiac performance and blood flow in response to digestion, movement, and the combination of digestion and movement. We used perivascular blood flow probes to measure blood flow through the left carotid artery, dorsal aorta, superior mesenteric artery and hepatic portal vein, and to calculate cardiac output, heart rate and stroke volume. Fasted pythons while crawling experienced a 2.7-and 3.3-fold increase, respectively, in heart rate and cardiac output, and a 66% decrease in superior mesenteric flow. During the digestion of a rodent meal equaling in mass to 24.7% of the snake's body mass, heart rate and cardiac output increased by 3.3-and 4.4-fold, respectively. Digestion also resulted in respective 11.6-and 14.1-fold increases in superior mesenteric and hepatic portal flow. When crawling while digesting, cardiac output and dorsal aorta flow increased by only 21% and 9%, respectively, a modest increase compared with that when they start to crawl on an empty stomach. Crawling did triggered a significant reduction in blood flow to the digesting gut, decreasing superior mesenteric and hepatic portal flow by 81% and 47%, respectively. When faced with the dual demands of digestion and crawling, Burmese pythons prioritize blood flow, apparently diverting visceral supply to the axial muscles.

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Section: Cardiac Output and Regional Blood Flow During Rest Locomotimentioning

confidence: 99%

Prioritizing blood flow: cardiovascular performance in response to the competing demands of locomotion and digestion for the Burmese python,Python molurus

Secor

White

2010

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…The extent of this increase will depend on the changes in mass of specific body components and their contribution to resting metabolic rate (RMR). Most studies suggest that adipose tissue plays a relatively small part in metabolic activity, when compared with organs such as the alimentary tract and liver (Field et al, 1939;Krebs, 1950;Schmidt-Nielsen, 1984;Selman et al, 2001; but see Geluso and Hayes, 1999;Speakman and Johnson, 2000). To accommodate the predicted rise in RMR, as voles move from low to high body mass, they may modify other components of expenditure, such as that devoted to physical activity (Stebbins, 1984), to maintain a constant total energy expenditure.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Photoperiodic effects on body mass, energy balance and hypothalamic gene expression in the bank vole

Peacock

Król

Moar³

et al. 2004

Journal of Experimental Biology

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We examined the effect of increasing photoperiod, at a constant low temperature, on the body mass and energy budget of the bank vole Clethrionomys glareolus. Simultaneously, we determined the hypothalamic gene expression of neuropeptides and receptors known to be involved in short-term energy balance. Despite an increase in body mass (approximately 10% of initial mass), we found no significant changes in any energetic parameters (food intake, energy assimilation rate, resting metabolic rate and total daily energy expenditure by doubly-labelled water). Apparent energy assimilation efficiency was higher in voles exposed to long-days (LD) compared to short-days (SD). Surprisingly, gene expression of corticotrophin releasing factor (CRF; in the paraventricular nucleus), and the melanocortin-3 receptor (in the arcuate nucleus), both known to be involved in appetite suppression and elevation of energy expenditure in short-term energy balance, were higher in voles kept in LD compared to SD. CRF expression was also elevated in females compared to males. These paradoxical data suggest an alternative mechanism for the control of seasonal body mass changes compared to short-term body mass changes, and between male and female voles. Furthermore, they highlight the need for studies to perform simultaneous measurements at both the molecular and whole animal levels.

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“…It is mainly with the averages that regularities appear. For example, the CI for the average specific MR exponent with the body mass of the 12 organs/tissues evaluated by Field et al (1939) and Martin & Furhman (1955) is -0.122 ± 0.033. Combined with the visceral scaling in Table 3, this gives 0.884 -0.122 = 0.762, and from Table 2 0.871 -0.122 = 0.749, for the exponent of the scaling of MR with body mass.…”

Section: Tissue Slicesmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…In the first way to investigate the scaling of the metabolic rates of the visceral organs, the specific metabolic rates of tissue slices on mice, rats, and dogs from Field et al (1939) and Martin & Furhman (1955), as quoted by Schmidt-Nielsen (1984), is used in conjunction with the mammalian organ scalings in Table 3. The results are in Table 4.…”

Section: Tissue Slicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Basal metabolic rate scaled to body mass between species by the fractal dimension of the vascular system and body composition

Roux¹

2017

SA J. An. Sci.

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Exercise-induced maximum aerobic metabolic rate (MMR) is related to the fractal dimension (D) of the self-similar vascular blood transport system by a whole body mass (M w ) power with exponent b of the form b = D/3. The principle of self-similarity of the vascular system is in agreement with each organ in the body having a major artery supplying it with blood from the heart and a major vein returning it. This implies that the whole body fractal vascular dimension D is also applicable to all organs or collections of organs such as the viscera and skeletal muscle. The principal reason that basal metabolic rate (BMR) and MMR scale with different power exponents to whole body mass is that MMR is due mainly to respiration in skeletal muscle during exercise and BMR to respiration in the viscera during rest. It follows, therefore, from the self-similarity of the vascular system that BMR is related to viscera mass (M v Here this approach is justified by an assessment of the scaling of viscera and its components with total body mass. The applicability of fractal vascular scaling to the sum of visceral organ metabolic rate contributions is confirmed from organ tissue slices, mitochondrial surface areas, and blood oxygen transport. Estimates obtained from oxygen halfsaturation partial pressure scaling exponents show that BMR scaling with b 2 is of general occurrence between species.

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An analysis of the relation between basal metabolism and summated tissue respiration in the rat. I. The post‐pubertal albino rat

Cited by 107 publications

References 24 publications

Prioritizing blood flow: cardiovascular performance in response to the competing demands of locomotion and digestion for the Burmese python,Python molurus

Prioritizing blood flow: cardiovascular performance in response to the competing demands of locomotion and digestion for the Burmese python,Python molurus

Photoperiodic effects on body mass, energy balance and hypothalamic gene expression in the bank vole

Basal metabolic rate scaled to body mass between species by the fractal dimension of the vascular system and body composition

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