An analysis of the improvements in OSNR from distributed Raman amplifiers using modern transmission fibres

Fludger, C.R.S.; Maroney, Andrew; Jolley, N.E.; Mears, R.J.

doi:10.1109/ofc.2000.869428

Cited by 40 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…For power-equalized multiwavelength operation one should first flatten the Raman gain spectral profile, because it is known to have two maxima with up to ~10 dB contrast. Usually, multiwavelength pumping is used to reduce gain variance over the spectrum; we have used another approach to solve this problem: the cavity is formed by fibers of different types -11 km of SMF-28 and 10.5 km of TrueWave (TW) fibers with Raman gain coefficients 0.38 and 0.593 (*1/W km), correspondingly 19 . In highly nonlinear TW fiber having zero-dispersion wavelength near 1456nm, the 1455nm pump wave is significantly broadened 20 , see Fig.2.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Rayleigh-scattering distributed feedback on multiwavelength Raman fiber laser generation

et al. 2011

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We experimentally demonstrate a Raman fiber laser based on multiple point-action fiber Bragg grating (FBG) reflectors and distributed feedback via Rayleigh scattering in a ~22 km long optical fiber. Twenty two lasing lines with spacing of ~100 GHz (close to ITU grid) in C-band are generated at Watts power level. In contrast to the normal cavity with competition between laser lines, the random distributed feedback cavity exhibits highly stable multiwavelength generation with a power-equalized uniform distribution which is almost independent on power. The current set up showing the capability of generating Raman gain of about 100-nm wide giving the possibility of multiwavelength generation at different bands.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Rayleigh-scattering distributed feedback on multiwavelength Raman fiber laser generation

et al. 2011

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“…4. Экспериментальные спектры ВКР-усиления ,ON/OFF R G в 100 км волокна разных типов при мощности накачки 700 мВт на 1455 нм; мощность входного сигнала 1 мВт [21] Коэффициент усиления в волокнах G.655 выше, чем в волокнах G.652 и G.654, из-за меньшего размера модового пятна (эффектив-ной площади) и более высокой концентрации примеси GeO 2 в серд-цевине [22,23]. Наличие германия изменяет также форму спектра усиления, в частности сглаживается провал на длине волны 1562 нм (рис.…”

Section: коэффициент усиления слабого сигнала вкр-усилителем (On/off-unclassified

Raman Amplifiers in Optical Communication Systems

Leonov¹,

Наний²,

Трещиков³

2015

Aph

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Представлен обзор истории разработки и применения ВКР-усилителей, включая распреде-ленные, дискретные (или точечные) и гибридные ВКР-усилители. Рассмотрен принцип работы ВКР-усилителя, физические механизмы спонтанного комбинационного рассеяния света (КРС) и вынужденного комбинационного рассеяния света (ВКР). Приведены формулы для расчета коэф-фициента усиления слабого сигнала в процессе ВКР в телекоммуникационном волокне, а также коэффициента усиления с учетом насыщения. Приведена экспериментальная зависимость коэф-фициента комбинационного усиления материала от разности частот накачки и сигнала для кварце-вого волокна. Рассмотрены схемы оптических систем связи с распределенными ВКР-усилителями с разными вариантами накачки, а также ВКР-усилители с полихроматической накачкой. В заключе-ние проанализированы преимущества и недостатки применения ВКР-усилителей в системах связи.Ключевые слова: ВКР-усилитель, рамановский усилитель, ON/OFF-усиление, двунаправ-ленная накачка, многокаскадная накачка, полихроматическая накачка. RAMAN AMPLIFIERS IN OPTICAL COMMUNICATION SYSTEMSAn overview of the history of development and application of Raman amplifiers is provided (including distributed, discrete and hybrid Raman amplifiers). The principle of Raman amplifier is discussed, as well as physical mechanisms of spontaneous Raman scattering (RS) and stimulated Raman scattering (SRS). The formulas are presented for calculating of the SRS small-signal gain in the telecommunication fiber, and for calculating of the SRS gain taking into account the saturation. The experimental dependence of the Raman gain of the material on the difference between the pumping frequency and signal frequency for quartz fiber is shown. Schemes of optical communication systems with distributed Raman amplifiers with different methods of pumping are discussed, as well as Raman amplifiers with polychromatic pumping. In conclusion, the advantages and drawbacks of implementation of the Raman amplifiers in communication systems are analyzed.

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“…In order to obtain a flat, wavelength-independent gain across the entire c-, 1-or s-bands, several pump lasers at different wavelength may be used simultaneously, allowing efficient wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) within the fiber [62]. SRS results in very low noise, therefore making dense WDM (DWDM) possible [23,30], and is efficient in fiber communications due to the anisotropy of the stokes-shifted beam.…”

Section: Raman Amplification Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Finite aperture tapered unstable resonator lasers

Bedford¹

2003

Frontiers in Optics

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An analysis of the improvements in OSNR from distributed Raman amplifiers using modern transmission fibres

Cited by 40 publications

References 1 publication

Effect of Rayleigh-scattering distributed feedback on multiwavelength Raman fiber laser generation

Effect of Rayleigh-scattering distributed feedback on multiwavelength Raman fiber laser generation

Raman Amplifiers in Optical Communication Systems

Finite aperture tapered unstable resonator lasers

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