An analysis of the causes, types and factors important to the correction of congenital blepharoptosis

Evaluation of the complex treatment for congenital blepharoptosis

“…Congenital blepharoptosis (CBP), a common developmental disorder of the palpebral apparatus, occurs in 7.9 per 100,000 individuals (2). Although the cause of CBP remains unknown, most authors who support the myogenic theory state that dystrophy or dysgenesis of the levator palpebrae superioris (LPS) leads to abnormal performance (3,4). Maldevelopment of the LPS occurs in >50% of CBP cases.…”

Microscopic and Ultrastructural Changes of Müller’s Muscle in Patients With Simple Congenital Ptosis

“…[1][2][3][4] The levator palpebrae superioris muscle and Müller's muscle are the retractor muscles of the upper eyelid retractor. It usually occurs as an isolated condition in a healthy child; however, it may be associated with other anomalies such as Marcus Gunn jaw-winking phenomenon and the blepharophimosis syndrome.…”