An analysis of the 1978 African swine fever outbreak in Brazil and its eradication

Moura, Jadielson Alves de; McManus, Concepta; Bernal, Francisco Ernesto Moreno; Melo, Cristiano Barros de

doi:10.20506/rst.29.3.1992

Cited by 30 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…ASF is believed to have evolved in a sylvatic cycle that occurs in eastern and southern Africa between common warthogs ( Phacochoerus africanus ) and argasid ticks of the Ornithodoros moubata complex that share their burrows (Plowright, Thomson, & Neser, ). Since the middle of the last century, introduction of the disease into new areas (West Africa, Europe, the Caucasus, the Caribbean and Brazil) has demonstrated that, unless drastic measures are implemented to eradicate ASF, it can be maintained and efficiently spread by domestic pigs and can become endemic in the absence of African wild suids or ticks (Arias & Sánchez‐Vizcaíno, ; Brown, Penrith, Fasina, & Beltrán‐Alcrudo, ; Gogin, Gerasimov, Malogolovkin, & Kolbasov, ; Moura, McManus, Bernal, & de Melo, ; Mur et al., ). Nevertheless, the well‐documented sylvatic cycle between warthogs and soft ticks, which is often incorrectly extrapolated to include other wild suid species, has resulted in an indelible impression that wild suids are still the major player in ASF transmission in Africa.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of African swine fever in Africa today: Sylvatic cycle versus socio‐economic imperatives

Penrith

Bastos

Etter

et al. 2019

Transbound Emerg Dis

101

119

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African swine fever (ASF) is believed to have evolved in eastern and southern Africa in a sylvatic cycle between common warthogs (Phacochoerus africanus) and argasid ticks of the Ornithodoros moubata complex that live in their burrows. The involvement of warthogs and possibly other wild suids in the maintenance of ASF virus means that the infection cannot be eradicated from Africa, but only prevented and controlled in domestic pig populations. Historically, outbreaks of ASF in domestic pigs in Africa were almost invariably linked to the presence of warthogs, but subsequent investigations of the disease in pigs revealed the presence of another cycle involving domestic pigs and ticks, with a third cycle becoming apparent when the disease expanded into West Africa where the sylvatic cycle is not present. The increase in ASF outbreaks that has accompanied the exponential growth of the African pig population over the last three decades has heralded a shift in the epidemiology of ASF in Africa, and the growing importance of the pig husbandry and trade in the maintenance and spread of ASF. This review, which focuses on the ASF situation between 1989 and 2017, suggests a minor role for wild suids compared with the domestic cycle, driven by socio‐economic factors that determine the ability of producers to implement the control measures needed for better management of ASF in Africa.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of African swine fever in Africa today: Sylvatic cycle versus socio‐economic imperatives

Penrith

Bastos

Etter

et al. 2019

Transbound Emerg Dis

101

119

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“…This has occurred in several countries (7) and is taking place continuously, damaging a country's economy through the outbreak of infectious diseases (7,8) . In Brazil, African swine fever was introduced in 1978 via airline food waste, and it took six years for the disease to be eradicated, causing losses of millions of dollars (9) . Studies have demonstrated that the presence of infectious agents is dangerous for public and animal health in illegally imported animal-origin products and food seized from passengers at airports in Brazil and worldwide (9)(10)(11) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Illegal Animal-Origin Products Seized in Baggage From International Flights at Sao Paulo Guarulhos Airport (Gru / Sbgr), Brazil

et al. 2018

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Air transportation is one of the most important means to introduce illegally imported animal-origin products into a country. Studies have demonstrated that these items pose a risk of disseminating diseases. São Paulo Guarulhos International Airport (GRU / SBGR) is the main international airport in Brazil in terms of people movement and it has the largest number of seizures of animal-origin products. The aim of the present work was to describe the dynamics of the seizure of illegally imported animal-origin products in baggage from international flight passengers at GRU / SBGR Airport in Brazil. Five hundred and eighty-nine different flights from 43 airlines, arriving from 117 countries were analyzed between 2006 and 2009. The total number of seized items increased from 2006 to 2009 and a single flight from France had the highest number of seizures, followed by flights from South Africa and Germany. Countries were grouped into regions or continents to facilitate the analysis. This grouping was based on historical and cultural ties rather than geographical aspects. Seafood was the most frequently seized product, followed by dairy products, as well as processed and raw meat.

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“…The outbreaks of the late 1970s through the early 1980s in South America and the Caribbean Islands highlight the risk associated with international movement. In 1978, an outbreak of ASF occurred in Brazil after domestic pigs near Rio de Janeiro were fed garbage originating from airplanes that travelled from Spain and Portugal, where ASF was enzootic during that time (Moura, McManus, Bernal, & de Melo, ). The Dominican Republic was also affected by an outbreak in 1978, which was likely caused by feeding uncooked garbage, originating from enzootic areas, to hogs (Rendleman & Spinelli, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic specificity of the African swine fever virus antibody detection enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay in feral and domestic pigs in the United States

Bergeron

Glas

Schumann

2017

Transbound Emerg Dis

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African swine fever (ASF) is a highly contagious haemorrhagic disease of pigs that has the potential to cause mortality nearing 100% in naïve animals. While an outbreak of ASF in the United States' pig population (domestic and feral) has never been reported, an introduction of the disease has the potential to cause devastation to the pork industry and food security. During the recovery phase of an outbreak, an antibody detection diagnostic assay would be required to prove freedom of disease within the previously infected zone and eventually nationwide. Animals surviving an ASF infection would be considered carriers and could be identified through the persistence of ASF viral antibodies. These antibodies would demonstrate exposure to the disease and not vaccination, as there is no ASF vaccine available. A well-established commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) detects antibodies against ASF virus (ASFV), but the diagnostic specificity of the assay had not been determined using serum samples from the pig population of the United States. This study describes an evaluation of the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE)-recommended Ingezim PPA COMPAC ELISA using a comprehensive cohort (n = 1791) of samples collected in the United States. The diagnostic specificity of the assay was determined to be 99.4% (95% confidence interval (CI): [98.9, 99.7]). The result of this study fills a gap in understanding the performance of the Ingezim PPA COMPAC ELISA in the ASF naïve pig population of the United States.

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An analysis of the 1978 African swine fever outbreak in Brazil and its eradication

Cited by 30 publications

References 6 publications

Epidemiology of African swine fever in Africa today: Sylvatic cycle versus socio‐economic imperatives

Epidemiology of African swine fever in Africa today: Sylvatic cycle versus socio‐economic imperatives

Illegal Animal-Origin Products Seized in Baggage From International Flights at Sao Paulo Guarulhos Airport (Gru / Sbgr), Brazil

Diagnostic specificity of the African swine fever virus antibody detection enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay in feral and domestic pigs in the United States

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