An analysis of ridging of ferritic stainless steel 430

Ma, Xiaoguang; Zhao, Jingwei; Du, Wei; Zhang, Xin; Jiang, Laizhu; Jiang, Zhengyi

doi:10.1016/j.msea.2017.01.021

Cited by 48 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The existence of shear strain would cause the bulking of the sheet. [ 20,34 ] Therefore, it is believed that the surface ridging originates from both the normal strain and shear strain along normal direction. [ 19,21 ]…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 19 ] Recently, Ma et al studied the effects of processing parameters on the texture evolution of AISI 430 and used the CPFEM to evaluate the effects of typical grain colonies on ridging generation. [ 20 ] In general, to save the calculation time, a simple texture distribution model or a small area of EBSD data were used in CPFEM simulation. To solve this, Wu et al developed a simple model to simulate ridging, which needs less time for calculation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Crystal Plasticity Analysis of the Relation between Micro‐Texture and Surface Ridging for a 21%Cr Ferritic Stainless Steel

Zhang

et al. 2020

steel research int.

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As a nickel-saving stainless steel, ferritic stainless steel has excellent cost and recyclable advantages. However, it has some special properties, such as magnetism, low thermal expansion, excellent high-temperature oxidation resistance, high thermal conductivity, excellent creep resistance, not prone to stress corrosion cracking (SCC), easily cutting and forming, and so on. It is stated that ferritic stainless steel can also be used as an substitute for some carbon steels because of its special durable and low-maintenance advantages. [1] With high purification and alloying design, some ferritic stainless steel grades were developed recently to possess comparable corrosion resistance as AISI 304 or even AISI 316 austenitic stainless steels. [2,3] One problem that restricts the application of ferritic stainless steel is surface quality. After deep drawing or stretching, ferritic stainless steel sheet usually forms an undulation surface morphology, i.e., surface ridging. The deformed sheet displays a corrugated surface, with ridges on one side coinciding with troughs on the opposite side, deteriorating the surface quality, and increasing the polishing cost. [4] Some fluid or dirty chemicals would accumulate at the concave regions, resulting in a severe corrosion tendency. Especially, for recent years, due to the promotion of application fields and amounts of usage, attentions have been increasingly focused on the surface ridging behavior of this kind of steel. [5-7] Surface ridging is normally supposed to be generated by the different plastic deformation responses occurring for the grains with different crystal orientations. Ferritic stainless steel composes a single phase steel when the Cr content is higher than 17 wt%; i.e., no phase transformation occurs at high temperatures. Thus, the solidification structure with columnar and big grains can only be refined through deformation and recrystallization during hot/cold rolling and annealing processes to some extent. As a result, ferritic stainless steel often exhibits intense recrystallization texture after final annealing. [8,9] Meanwhile, the crystallographic orientations distribute inhomogeneously in mesoscale, because they are evolved from the grains with different initial orientations. Sinclair et al. (2003) reported that some columnar grains with <001>//normal direction (ND) orientations possess low Schmid factors and store less energy for subsequent recrystallization process, resulting in texture inhomogeneity. [10] These micro-textures would cause heterogeneous distributed strains in mesoscale during deformation, leading to the formation of surface ridging. Numerous researches have been devoted to improve the surface quality through optimizing the processing technology. For example, Lee et al. recently reported a method that reducing the grain size of as-cast state by increasing nitrogen can reduce the surface

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crystal Plasticity Analysis of the Relation between Micro‐Texture and Surface Ridging for a 21%Cr Ferritic Stainless Steel

Zhang

et al. 2020

steel research int.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Ma et al . 10 conducted a simulation to predict ridging height. They inserted specifically oriented colonies into the matrix and simulated the ridging height.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of nitrogen on grain growth and formability of Ti-stabilized ferritic stainless steels

Lee

Kim

Park

2019

Sci Rep

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The relationship between the grain size of as-cast and cold rolled 16%Cr ferritic stainless steel and the surface roughness defect, called ridging during forming was investigated. The ridging height corresponded to the grain size of the as-cast sample. The nitrogen content of 140 ppm yielded the minimum grain size and the minimum ridging height observed, whereas the nitrogen content of 50 ppm yielded the maximum grain size and the maximum ridging height observed. Ridging results from different plastic anisotropies of band structure composed of colonies. Through the EBSD analysis, the texture of mixed colonies composed of ND//{112} and ND//{331} in the 50 ppm nitrogen steel underwent more severe ridging than the randomly texture in the 140 ppm nitrogen steel sample. Therefore, an effective means to reduce the ridging of ferritic stainless steel during the forming process is to form a random texture by enhancing the formation of fine equiaxed grain during the casting process. During equal holding times at 1200 °C, the 80 ppm nitrogen sample was definitely coarsened, whereas the 200 ppm nitrogen sample underwent slower grain growth. Zener pinning force, which is proportional to the number of TiN particles on grain boundaries, was relatively strong in samples of 200 ppm nitrogen content, corresponding to slower grain growth. Although the Zener pinning force great affected with increasing nitrogen content, there may not affect the trend of initial cast grain size to be changed as much during annealing.

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“…As the theory of crystal plasticity becomes more and more perfected, it becomes easier to establish the connection between the internal mechanism of the material and the macroscopic properties. It is of great significance to use CPFEM to simulate material deformation [8][9][10]. The plastic constitutive theory of continuum mechanics can only solve the macroscopic material plastic deformation problem.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on a New Forming Method—Thread Rolling by Crystal Plasticity Finite Element Simulation

Zhang

Zhi-qing

Guo

2021

Metals

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In order to study a new thread rolling forming process from a microscopic perspective, a polycrystalline model was established, based on the crystal plasticity finite element method (CPFEM) and Voronoi polyhedron theory. The fluidity of metals was studied to explain the reason for the concave center. The simulation results show that the strain curve of the representative element can more truly reflect the deformation behavior of the material. The grain orientations after deformation are distributed near the initial orientation. The evolution of each slip system is determined by the initial grain orientations and grain locations. The pole figures obtained from the experiment show high consistency with the pole figures obtained by simulation, which verifies the accuracy of the texture prediction by CPFEM. The experimental results show that thread rolling is more uniform in deformation than ordinary rolling.

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An analysis of ridging of ferritic stainless steel 430

Cited by 48 publications

References 20 publications

Crystal Plasticity Analysis of the Relation between Micro‐Texture and Surface Ridging for a 21%Cr Ferritic Stainless Steel

Crystal Plasticity Analysis of the Relation between Micro‐Texture and Surface Ridging for a 21%Cr Ferritic Stainless Steel

Effect of nitrogen on grain growth and formability of Ti-stabilized ferritic stainless steels

Study on a New Forming Method—Thread Rolling by Crystal Plasticity Finite Element Simulation

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