An analysis of potential utilization of low cost Cu2ZnSnS4 thin film based photovoltaic in Sumbawa

Abstract

Sumbawa has the potential to transition into a smart city, utilizing solar energy as their main source of its alternative energy. Located in the tropical country of Indonesia, Sumbawa’s dry season lasts eight months, during which it sees a solar intensity of 4.51 watt/m2/h, making solar energy a promising resource for the area. Its level of abundance and no pollution attribute are the main factors that make solar energy an attractive renewable resource. Raw calculation showed that solar energy is able to provide massive amount of energy, while solar panel and photovoltaic can produce zero greenhouse gases when converting solar energy into electricity. However, the high initial cost of installing solar cells hinder popularization of it as an alternative energy source, meanwhile some of the substance materials that compose solar panel may have a negative impact on the environment. This study intends to review the potential for inexpensive semiconductor-based solar panels to be applied as independent source of lighting by analysing the cost and environmental impact. Discussion on simple chemical method without high cost equipment instalment is also highlighted in this work, which offers recommendation of methods that can contribute on lowering the production cost of solar panel.

Photovoltaic efficiencies of microwave and Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) superstrate solar cells

“…SILAR is an advanced CBD method, and it is similar to atomic layer deposition method for depositing thin films [163]. SILAR was first performed by Ristov et al in the year 1985 [164] and the name SILAR was given by Nicolau and his colleagues in the same year [165].…”

“…The dipping was performed several times in cationic and anionic solution in order to achieve the desirable thickness. It is necessary to rinse with deionized water after each dipping step so as to allow for thin film formation on the substrate and also to avoid precipitate formation in the solution [163,166,167]. Jasmitha et al [160] fabricated a CZTS superstrate solar cell without a windows layer.…”

Involvement of halogen and polyaromatic substituents in chalcone derivatives as dye sensitizers in solar cell applications

“…2 Moreover, the second (2nd) generation was based on thin-film technologies that offered a lower cost than the first-generation cell. 3,4 The third (3rd)-generation solar cells are currently gaining much attention due to their unique property of photogenerated charges.…”