This qualitative study is ethnographic in design. Two questions guide the study. How important is theological reflection to pastoral identity in pastoral care and counseling? With whom do practitioners converse in terms of theological reflection? A review of the literature is outlined and 75 persons are interviewed that include chaplains, pastoral counselors, community clergy and students. Findings indicate that theological reflection is essential to pastoral identity and that participants converse most with clients and colleagues and least with other professionals. Most theological reflection is done privately. Discussion includes limitations and areas for future research.