An Analysis of Ovarian Dysfunction in High Yielding Dairy Cows After Calving Based on Progesterone Profiles

Opsomer, G.; Coryn, M.; Deluyker, Hubert; Kruif, Aart de

doi:10.1111/j.1439-0531.1998.tb01342.x

Cited by 178 publications

(166 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(29 reference statements)

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“…In the validation dataset the incidence of delayed cyclicity was 18% and others have reported incidences of 11-20% (Opsomer et al, 1998;Royal et al, 2000;Garbarino et al, 2004), albeit with slightly different definitions of delayed cyclicity. The costs of false-negatives and false-positives were not calculated for the data in the present study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Detection of delayed cyclicity in dairy cows based on progesterone content in monthly milk samples

Petersson

Strandberg

Gustafsson

et al. 2008

Preventive Veterinary Medicine

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We examined whether infrequent milk sampling for progesterone analysis could be used as a management or diagnostic tool by the dairy farmer to predict delayed ovarian cyclicity in dairy cows. The data included 1040 lactations from 324 Swedish Red cows and 183 Swedish Holstein cows and were randomly divided into two datasets. A logistic regression model was fit to the first dataset and the model was then validated on the other dataset. The model was also validated using a British dataset comprising 1212 lactations from 1080 British Holstein-Friesian cows. The dependent variable was whether delayed ovarian cyclicity occurred or not, delayed ovarian cyclicity defined as progesterone levels below threshold value for the first 56 or 45 days postpartum in the Swedish or British dataset, respectively. The basic model included the effects of breed, parity, season and housing type. To the basic model various progesterone-based measurements were added. These were the interval from calving to commencement of luteal activity and the percentage of samples with luteal activity within 60 days after calving, using all samples in the databases or one sample per month. The accuracy of the conditional probability of delayed ovarian cyclicity calculated with the different models was obtained using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and calculating the area under curve. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated for cut-off probabilities using the ROC analyses. The accuracy was highest (0.94-0.99) when including the progesterone measurements based on milk sampling for progesterone analysis 2-3 times per week. The accuracy was between 0.85 and 0.88 when the progesterone measurements with monthly milk sampling were added to the model and 0.76 or 0.67 with the basic model. This study clearly shows that infrequent milk sampling for progesterone analysis, such as once a month as in the regular milk recording system, could be used to predict delayed ovarian cyclicity in dairy cows. This increases the opportunity for earlier treatment of anovulatory dairy cows and may therefore decrease involuntarily extended calving intervals in the herd.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Detection of delayed cyclicity in dairy cows based on progesterone content in monthly milk samples

Petersson

Strandberg

Gustafsson

et al. 2008

Preventive Veterinary Medicine

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“…It is generally considered that prolonged luteal phases are associated with an abnormal uterine environment that disrupts endometrial PGF2α production. Interestingly, in the study by Opsomer et al (1998), where the incidence of cows with prolonged luteal phases was 20% (89/448 cows), only 43/89 cows had abnormal uterine content, 2/89 had ovarian cysts and 44/89 had no detectable abnormalities. However, in that study, abnormalities were identified only by rectal palpation.…”

Section: Prolonged Luteal Phasesmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The incidence of prolonged luteal phases has increased from 3% (Fagan and Roche, 1986) to 11% to 22% (Lamming and Darwash, 1998;Opsomer et al, 1998;Shrestra et al 2004a,b;Figure 4). It is generally considered that prolonged luteal phases are associated with an abnormal uterine environment that disrupts endometrial PGF2α production.…”

Section: Prolonged Luteal Phasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A number Crowe, Diskin and Williams of studies have been conducted on dairy cows of various yield potential that have categorized the pattern of resumption of ovarian function by measuring milk progesterone. These range from a study by Fagan and Roche (1986) using what would now be classified as traditional moderate yielding Friesian cows (4000 to 5000 kg milk per lactation) to that of Opsomer et al (1998) using modern high-yielding Holstein type cows (6900 to 9800 kg milk per lactation). The data from these two studies are summarized in Table 1.…”

Section: Anovulatory Anoestrusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The metabolic risk factors associated with dairy cows developing cysts in the early postpartum period are over body-conditioned cows, a reduction in systemic insulin (Vanholder et al, 2005) and IGF-I, and increased non-esterified fatty acids (Zulu et al, 2002b). The typical incidence for follicular cysts in dairy cows is between 1% and 5% (Opsomer et al, 1998;Beam and Butler, 1999).…”

Section: Follicular Cystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Parturition to resumption of ovarian cyclicity: comparative aspects of beef and dairy cows

Crowe

Diskin

Williams

2014

Animal

102

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There is a variable anoestrous period following parturition in the cow. Follicular growth generally resumes within 7 to 10 days in the majority of cows associated with a transient FSH rise that occurs within 3 to 5 days of parturition. Dairy cows that are not nutritionally stressed generally ovulate their first postpartum dominant follicle (~15 days), whereas beef suckler cows in good body condition normally have a mean of 3.2 ± 0.2 dominant follicles (~30 days) to first ovulation; moreover, beef cows in poor body condition have a mean of 10.6 ± 1.2 dominant follicles (~70 to 100 days) to first ovulation. The lack of ovulation of dominant follicles during the postpartum period is associated with infrequent LH pulses, with both maternal-offspring bonding and low body condition score (BCS) at calving being implicated as the predominant causes of delayed resumption of cyclicity in nursed beef cows. In dairy cows, the normal pattern of early resumption of ovulation may be delayed in high-yielding Holstein type cows generally owing to the effects of severe negative energy balance, dystocia, retained placental membranes and uterine infections. First ovulation, in both dairy and beef cows, is generally silent (i.e., no behavioural oestrus) and followed by a short inter-ovulatory interval (>70%). The key to optimizing the resumption of ovulation in both beef and dairy cows is appropriate pre-calving nutrition and management so that cows calve down in optimal body condition (BCS; 2.75 to 3.0) with postpartum body condition loss restricted to < 0.5 BCS units.

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The Importance of the Periconception Period: Immediate Effects in Cattle Breeding and in Assisted Reproduction Such as Artificial Insemination and Embryo Transfer

Eetvelde

Heras

Leroy

et al. 2017

Periconception in Physiology and Medicine

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In livestock breeding, the successful outcome is largely depending on the "periconception environment" which, in a narrow sense, refers to the genital tract, where gametogenesis and embryogenesis occur. During these early stages of development, gametes and embryos are known to be particularly sensitive to alterations in their microenvironment. However, as the microenvironment somehow reflects what is going on in the external world, we must widen our definition of "periconception environment" and refer to all events taking place around the time of conception, including metabolic state and health and nutrition of the dam. In modern dairy cows that have to manage an optimal reproductive performance with continued growth and high milk yield, the periconception period is particularly challenging. The metabolic priority for growth and lactation is known to generate adverse conditions hampering optimal ovarian function, oocyte maturation, and development of embryo/fetus. In addition, by using artificial reproductive technologies (ARTs), gametes and/or embryos of livestock are exposed to unnatural conditions outside the male and female genital tract. Artificial insemination, the most widely used technique, is currently yielding pregnancy rates similar to natural mating, and calves produced by AI are equally viable after natural mating. In contrast, other ART, such as multiple ovulation and embryo transfer, have been reported to induce changes in gene expression and DNA methylation patterns with potential consequences for development.Finally, the "periconceptional" environment has been shown to not only influence the successful establishment of pregnancy but also the long-term health and productivity of the offspring. Hence, the optimization of management around the time of conception might open doors to improve animal production and product quality.

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An Analysis of Ovarian Dysfunction in High Yielding Dairy Cows After Calving Based on Progesterone Profiles

Cited by 178 publications

References 28 publications

Detection of delayed cyclicity in dairy cows based on progesterone content in monthly milk samples

Detection of delayed cyclicity in dairy cows based on progesterone content in monthly milk samples

Parturition to resumption of ovarian cyclicity: comparative aspects of beef and dairy cows

The Importance of the Periconception Period: Immediate Effects in Cattle Breeding and in Assisted Reproduction Such as Artificial Insemination and Embryo Transfer

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