An Analysis of Local and Combined (Global) Scours on Piers-on-Bank Bridges

Chavan, Vidya Subhash; Chen, Shen-En; Shanmugam, Navanit Sri; Tang, Wenwu; Diemer, John A.; Allan, Craig J.; Braxtan, Nicole Leo; Shukla, Tarini; Chen, Tianyang; Slocum, Zachery

doi:10.3390/civileng3010001

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(24 reference statements)

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“…Scouring in the part of a river where water does not normally flow, for instance, piers on the flood plain in compound channels and the bank, has also been investigated 24 , 25 . Wu et al 26 investigated scouring at square and semicircular abutments in an ice-covered channel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Model experiments on hydraulic properties around multiple piers with reproduced 3D geometries

Sato

2022

Sci Rep

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The effects of multiple piers with 3D geometries on water levels during floods, as well as riverbed fluctuations and local scour after floods were examined via hydraulic model experiments. The Kintaikyo Bridge in Japan, a world-famous historical triple-wooden-arch bridge, was modeled at a scale of approximately 1/276. The number of model piers was set to four, as in the real bridge, and they were 3D printed and installed in the sand layer of an open channel. To provide adequate information on the pier installation conditions and hydraulic response, four cases were studied in the experiments, primarily considering present pier conditions; the previous conditions of the Kintaikyo Bridge were also considered. The experimental conditions in these four cases depended on whether foundations were present, the piers were skewed against the flow center, and the shape was spindle or similar to that of the present case. In the current bridge condition where foundations are present and there is no skew, water level rise, riverbed fluctuation, and local scour were suppressed. Furthermore, the statistical analysis of the results suggested that riverbed fluctuations are more stable after flooding. The two piers with foundations had smaller scour areas than those without. Further, those with foundations generally had lower mean scour at the pier perimeters. Regarding those without foundations, there were no differences in riverbed fluctuations or local scour due to the skewed pier angle. In addition, the representative length of the pier with a 3D geometry was determined by dividing the projected area of the pier below the initial sand surface in the main flow direction by the pier height, and the relationship between the Froude number or the mean water depth and the maximum scour depth was investigated.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Model experiments on hydraulic properties around multiple piers with reproduced 3D geometries

Sato

2022

Sci Rep

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“…Contrasting with piers in the river basin, the piers-on-bank experiences scour only during high-waters, and dry debris may accumulate in the scour holes until the next high-water. Figure 2 shows the envisioned mechanisms of local scour surrounding a single bridge pier, where the soil/sediment mass may be removed due to high water velocities and increased turbulence (which are functions of the hydrodynamic characteristics of the river flow), and the competence of the geomaterial surrounding the bridge pier to resist the scouring process [3]. The wet-dry cycle may present a different damaging effect to the piers and currently no studies have been identified for such a bridge.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling of Progressive Scouring of a Pier-on-Bank

Chavan

Chen²,

Shanmugam³

et al. 2022

CivilEng

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Scour, caused by swiftly moving water, can remove alluvial sediment and soil, creating holes surrounding a bridge component and compromising the integrity of the bridge structure. Such problems can be equally critical for bridges with piers-on-bank bridges subjected to severe storm and flooding issues. In this paper, the Phillips Road Bridge over Toby Creek (35°18′28.2″ N 80°44′16.6″ W, Charlotte, NC, USA), a pier-on-bank bridge with critical/significant local scour holes and deep riverbank erosion cuts was selected as case study bridge. To investigate the scour effect on the bridge with pier-on-bank performance, the scoured area around a single pier is first quantified using a terrestrial laser and then modeled using nonlinear finite element (FE) analysis, where the local scour is modeled as progressive mass losses using the Element Removal (ER) technique. The FE results are compared to the design loading scenario and the results substantiated that the local scouring could cause large deflection and increased bending moment on the bridge pier.

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A review of bridge scour monitoring techniques and developments in vibration based scour monitoring for bridge foundations

Kazemian

Yee

Oguzmert

et al. 2023

ABEN

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Scour is the gradual erosion of the sediment around a bridge foundation and is one of the leading causes of bridge failure. This erosion is caused by turbulence and sediment transport mechanisms and worsens during high-water flow, such as flooding. A severely scoured bridge is a safety concern for commuters. Monitoring systems are sometimes used to provide indications of the scour extent. Most scour monitoring systems require underwater installation, which is inherently difficult to implement for existing structures. Data obtained from such systems may not necessarily be accurate due to factors such as site temperature fluctuations, or the presence of large debris in the channel causing faulty readings during times of high flooding. Inaccuracy in this data is a problem because it could display erroneous results, leading to a false sense of security. Researchers worldwide are exploring vibration-based techniques to monitor scour to overcome this challenge. These techniques can possibly monitor scour without any underwater installation and may be more efficient than the traditional underwater technologies currently implemented. This review piece aims to present a summary of the several types of scour monitoring techniques traditionally used to monitor scour of bridge structures and the advancement in technology for existing monitoring techniques based on the vibration characteristics of bridges. The importance of monitoring scour progression focused on vibration-based techniques will be discussed as well as providing a fair appraisal of these techniques. This review piece shows evidence through laboratory and field experiments that monitoring a structure based on vibrational changes due to scour is possible, and with the advances in technology over the most recent decade, it is now possible to design cost-effective and accurate scour monitoring systems for future field implemented structural health monitoring projects. This evidence is relevant to future researchers for the implementation of prospective bridge vibration-based systems.

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An Analysis of Local and Combined (Global) Scours on Piers-on-Bank Bridges

Cited by 3 publications

References 22 publications

Model experiments on hydraulic properties around multiple piers with reproduced 3D geometries

Model experiments on hydraulic properties around multiple piers with reproduced 3D geometries

Modeling of Progressive Scouring of a Pier-on-Bank

A review of bridge scour monitoring techniques and developments in vibration based scour monitoring for bridge foundations

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