An analysis of growth of different cattle genotypes reared in different environments

Frisch, J. E.; Vercoe, T. E.

doi:10.1017/s0021859600043409

Cited by 79 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(21 reference statements)

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“…Frisch and Vercoe, 1984) and calving rates (e.g. Turner, 1982) depend greatly on the breed type, the degree of severity of the individual stressor and whether or not multiple stressors are impacting on performance.…”

Section: Relative Importance Of Productive and Adaptive Traitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The impact of each stressor on production and animal welfare is often multiplicative rather than additive, particularly when animals are already undergoing physiological stress such as lactation (e.g. Turner and Short, 1972;Turner, 1982;Frisch and Vercoe, 1984;Frisch and O'Neill, 1998). Under extensive production systems common in the (sub)tropics, it is generally not possible to control the stressors through management strategies alone.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Importance of adaptation and genotype × environment interactions in tropical beef breeding systems

Burrow

2012

Animal

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This paper examines the relative importance of productive and adaptive traits in beef breeding systems based on Bos taurus and tropically adapted breeds across temperate and (sub)tropical environments. In the (sub)tropics, differences that exist between breeds in temperate environments are masked by the effects of environmental stressors. Hence in tropical environments, breeds are best categorised into breed types to compare their performance across environments. Because of the presence of environmental stressors, there are more sources of genetic variation in tropical breeding programmes. It is therefore necessary to examine the genetic basis of productive and adaptive traits for breeding programmes in those environments. This paper reviews the heritabilities and genetic relationships between economically important productive and adaptive traits relevant to (sub)tropical breeding programmes. It is concluded that it is possible to simultaneously genetically improve productive and adaptive traits in tropically adapted breeds of beef cattle grazed in tropical environments without serious detrimental consequences for either adaptation or production. However, breed-specific parameters are required for genetic evaluations. The paper also reviews the magnitude of genotype 3 environment (G 3 E) interactions impacting on production and adaptation of cattle, where 'genotype' is defined as breed (within a crossbreeding system), sire within breed (in a within-breed selection programme) or associations between economically important traits and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs -within a marker-assisted selection programme). It is concluded that re-ranking of breeds across environments is best managed by the use of the breed type(s) best suited to the particular production environment. Re-ranking of sires across environments is apparent in poorly adapted breed types across extreme tropical and temperate environments or where breeding animals are selected in a temperate environment for use in the (sub)tropics. However, G 3 E interactions are unlikely to be of major importance in tropically adapted beef cattle grazed in either temperate or (sub)tropical environments, although sex 3 environment interactions may provide new opportunities for differentially selecting to simultaneously improve steer performance in benign environments and female performance in harsher environments. Early evidence suggests that re-ranking of SNPs occurs across temperate and tropical environments, although their magnitude is still to be confirmed in well-designed experiments. The major limitation to genetic improvement of beef cattle over the next decade is likely to be a deficiency of large numbers of accurately recorded phenotypes for most productive and adaptive traits and, in particular, for difficult-to-measure adaptive traits such as resistance to disease and environmental stressors.

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Section: Relative Importance Of Productive and Adaptive Traitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Importance of adaptation and genotype × environment interactions in tropical beef breeding systems

Burrow

2012

Animal

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“…Genotype × environment (G × E) interactions are very important in tropical and subtropical environments, and have a major impact on breed and breed type rankings for some traits (e.g. see Frisch and Vercoe 1984). For most purposes in the tropics and subtropics, breeds can be categorised into several general groupings, as has been done for breeds in temperate areas.…”

Section: Objective Measures Of Beef Tenderness Warner Bratzler Initiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative and molecular genetic influences on properties of beef: a review

Burrow¹,

Moore²,

Johnston³

et al. 2001

Aust. J. Exp. Agric.

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Abstract. The scientific literature is reviewed to identify quantitative and molecular genetic influences on quantity and quality of beef. Genetic variation between breeds is of similar magnitude to genetic variation within breeds for many economically important traits. Differences between breeds are significant and large for most carcass and beef quality attributes, including beef tenderness, although differences for sensory juiciness and flavour are of little practical importance. For traits such as beef tenderness, between-breed differences may be more easily exploited than within-breed differences, because exceptional breeds are easier to identify than exceptional animals. Effects of heterosis on carcass and beef quality attributes are relatively small (3% or less), with most effects mediated through heterotic effects on weight. Carcass composition traits (e.g. carcass weight, fat thickness and marbling) are moderately to highly heritable. Most estimates of retail beef yield percentage are highly heritable, offering good potential for within-breed selection for the trait, although a moderate to strong antagonistic relationship exists between yield and marbling. This relationship needs to be considered in within-breed selection programs for yield percentage. Early estimates of heritability of objective measures of beef tenderness (Warner Bratzler shear force values) indicated tenderness was moderately to highly heritable. Recent estimates using larger numbers of carcasses and more discriminatory methods of analysis indicate that beef tenderness is lowly heritable in Bos taurus breeds and moderately heritable in Bos indicus and Bos indicus-derived breeds. Within breeds, measures of 24-h calpastatin activity are genetically strongly correlated with shear force values but are more heritable. However, phenotypic correlations between shear force values and 24-h calpastatin activities are low. There are also inconsistencies in relationships between these measurements across breeds. Low correlations between tenderness in different muscles, low to moderate heritabilities and inconsistent variation within-and between-breeds for traits such as 24-h calpastatin activity suggest that genetic improvement in beef tenderness may be difficult. The possibility exists that significant mitochondrial genetic effects occur for some carcass and beef quality attributes. A major gene for muscular hypertrophy in cattle significantly affects carcass and beef quality characteristics. Genome-wide screening of DNA markers indicates a number of putative Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) associated with carcass and meat quality characteristics. Published data for these QTL are summarised. Strategies to combine quantitative and molecular genetic information to maximise genetic progress are discussed.

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“…Faecal egg counts As a result of the faecal egg count (FEC) comparisons of B. indicus and B. taurus in the tropics (Frisch & Vercoe 1984) indicating breed differences after weaning, we repeated their comparisons under our temperate pastoral conditions. Anthelmintic drench was administered at 2 months of age but was withheld from the steers born in 1985 at weaning in January (4 months of age).…”

Section: Management and Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the Brahman and Friesian breeds as sires for beef production in New Zealand

Morris

Jones

Wilson

et al. 1992

New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research

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An analysis of growth of different cattle genotypes reared in different environments

Cited by 79 publications

References 19 publications

Importance of adaptation and genotype × environment interactions in tropical beef breeding systems

Importance of adaptation and genotype × environment interactions in tropical beef breeding systems

Quantitative and molecular genetic influences on properties of beef: a review

Comparison of the Brahman and Friesian breeds as sires for beef production in New Zealand

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