A simple binary matroid is called claw-free if none of its rank-3 flats are independent sets. These objects can be equivalently defined as the sets E of points in PG(n − 1, 2) for which |E ∩ P | is not a basis of P for any plane P , or as the subsets X of F n 2 containing no linearly independent triple x, y, z for which x + y, y + z, x + z, x + y + z / ∈ X. We prove a decomposition theorem that exactly determines the structure of all claw-free matroids. The theorem states that clawfree matroids either belong to one of three particular basic classes of claw-free matroids, or can be constructed from these basic classes using a certain 'join' operation.