An anaerobic field injection experiment in a landfill leachate plume, Grindsted, Denmark: 1. Experimental setup, tracer movement, and fate of aromatic and chlorinated compounds

Rügge, Kirsten; Bjerg, Poul Løgstrup; Pedersen, Jannik Nedergaard; Mosbæk, Hans; Christensen, Thomas Højlund

doi:10.1029/1998wr900101

Cited by 52 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Under anaerobic conditions previous aquifer studies have shown that dechlorination may be the initial transformation for 2,4,5‐T under methanogenic conditions 48. By comparison, no transformation of 2,4‐D was observed in a 1030‐day injection experiment in a landfill leachate plume under iron‐ and sulfate‐reducing conditions49 or of 2,4‐D, 2,4,5‐T or MCPA in aquifer columns operated at sulfate‐reducing conditions 47. In our anaerobic studies only 2,4‐D and dichlorprop,34 small fractions of MCPP50 and 2,4,5‐T39 were degraded, although only in laboratory experiments and only inconsistently, as summarized in Table 3.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Degradation of herbicides in shallow Danish aquifers: an integrated laboratory and field study

Albrechtsen

Mills

Aamand

et al. 2001

Pest Management Science

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Degradation of pesticides in aquifers has been evaluated based on a number of co-ordinated field and laboratory studies carried out in Danish aquifers. These studies included investigations of vertical and horizontal variability in degradation rates from the vadose zone to an aquifer, the effects of aerobic versus anaerobic conditions, and the importance of concentration on degradation kinetics for a selected range of herbicides. The studies were based on different experimental approaches ranging from simple batch experiments to column studies to field injection experiments and, where appropriate, results were compared. Some herbicides were degraded under aerobic conditions (some phenoxy acids, DNOC and glyphosate) and others under aerobic conditions (other phenoxy acids, DNOC; there was some indication of atrazine transformation). Certain pesticides were not degraded in any investigations (dichlobenil, the dichlobenil metabolite 2,6-dichlorobenzamide (BAM), bentazone, isoproturon, metamitron and metsulfuron-methyl). The spatial variability was substantial, since hardly any of the investigated pesticides were degraded in all comparable samples. This means that it is very difficult to claim that a given pesticide is readily degradable in aquifers. However, the experimental approaches used (with incubations lasting more than a year) may not be sensitive enough to verify the low degradation rates that may be significant as a result of the long retention time of groundwaters.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Degradation of herbicides in shallow Danish aquifers: an integrated laboratory and field study

Albrechtsen

Mills

Aamand

et al. 2001

Pest Management Science

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“…Tetrachloroethene (PCE) with its four chlorine atoms, undergoes reductive dechlorination under all redox conditions expect in oxic aquifers. Reductive dechlorination of trichloroethene (TCE) occurs under Fe(III)-reducing or more strongly reducing conditions, while reductive dechlorination of cis-1,2-Dichloroethene (cDCE) and vinyl chloride (VC) require sulfate-reducing or methanogenic conditions (Vogel and McCarty, 1985;Vogel et al, 1987;Freedman and Gossett, 1989;DiStefano et al, 1991;MaymoGatell et al, 1995;Rügge et al, 1999;Bradley, 2000). Hence, the reductive dechlorination of chlorinated ethenes is strongly influenced by the local redox conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the fate of chlorinated ethenes in streambed sediments by combining stable isotope, geochemical and microbial methods

Abe

Aravena

Zopfi

et al. 2009

Journal of Contaminant Hydrology

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a b s t r a c tThe occurrence of chlorinated ethene transformation in a streambed was investigated using concentration and carbon isotope data from water samples taken at different locations and depths within a 15 × 25 m study area across which a tetrachloroethene (PCE) plume discharges. Furthermore, it was evaluated how the degree of transformation is related to groundwater discharge rates, redox conditions, solid organic matter content (SOM) and microbial factors. Groundwater discharge rates were quantified based on streambed temperatures, and redox conditions using concentrations of dissolved redox-sensitive species. The degree of chlorinated ethene transformation was highly variable in space from no transformation to transformation beyond ethene. Complete reductive dechlorination to ethane and ethene occurred at locations with at least sulfate-reducing conditions and with a residence time in the samples streambed zone (80 cm depth) of at least 10 days. Among these locations, Dehalococcoides was detected using a PCR method where SOM contents were N 2% w/w and where transformation proceeded beyond ethene. However, it was not detected at locations with low SOM, which may cause an insufficient H 2 supply to sustain a detectably dense Dehalococcoides population. Additionally, it is possible that other organisms are responsible for the biodegradation. A microcosm study with streambed sediments demonstrated the potential of VC oxidation throughout the site even at locations without a pre-exposure to VC, consistent with the detection of the epoxyalkane:coenzyme M transferase (EaCoMT) gene involved in the degradation of chlorinated ethenes via epoxidation. In contrast, no aerobic transformation of cDCE in microcosms over a period of 1.5 years was observed. In summary, the study demonstrated that carbon isotope analysis is a sensitive tool to identify the degree of chlorinated ethene transformation even in hydrologically and geochemically complex streambed systems. In addition, it was observed that the degree of transformation is related to redox conditions, which in turn depend on groundwater discharge rates.

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“…MCPP (phenoxy acid herbicide) was studied in continuous injection experiments in sand aquifers under aerobic [Agertved et al, 1992] and anaerobic [Rtigge et al, 1999] conditions. MCPP was degraded fast under aerobic conditions but showed recalcitrance under anaerobic conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fate of herbicides in a shallow aerobic aquifer: A continuous field injection experiment (Vejen, Denmark)

Broholm¹,

Rügge²,

Tuxen³

et al. 2001

Water Resources Research

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Abstract. A continuous, natural gradient, field injection experiment, involving six herbicides and a tracer, was performed in a shallow aerobic aquifer near Vejen, Denmark. Bentazone, (_+)-2-(4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy) propanoic acid (MCPP), dichlorprop, isoproturon, and the dichlobenil metabolite 2,6-dichlor-benzamide (BAM) were injected along with 2-methyl-4,6-dinitrophenol (not discussed in this paper) and the tracer bromide. The injection lasted for 216 days and created a continuous plume in the aquifer. The plume was monitored in three dimensions in 96 multilevel samplers of 6-9 points each for 230 days, with selected individual points for a longer period. The bromide plume followed a complex path through the monitoring network downgradient of the injection wells. The plume movement was controlled by spatially varied hydraulic conductivities of the sand deposit and influenced by asynchronous seasonal variation in groundwater potentials. An average flow velocity of 0.5 m/d was observed, as depicted by bromide. Bentazone, BAM, MCPP, and dichlorprop retardation was negligible, and only slight retardation of isoproturon was observed in the continuous injection experiment and a preceding pulse experiment. No degradation of bentazone was observed in the aerobic aquifer during the monitoring period. BAM and isoproturon were not degraded within 5 rn downgradient of the injection. The two phenoxy acids MCPP and dichlorprop were both degraded in the aerobic aquifer. Near the source a lag phase was observed followed by fast degradation of the phenoxy acids, indicating growth kinetics. The phenoxy acids were completely degraded within 1 rn downgradient of the injection wells, resulting in the plumes being divided into small plumes at the injection wells and pulses farther downgradient. During the lag phase, phenoxy acids had spread beyond the 25 rn long monitoring network. However, the mass of the phenoxy acids passing the 10-25 rn fences never matched the corresponding bentazone or bromide masses, and the pulse was observed to shrink in size. This indicates that this pulse of phenoxy acids was being partially degraded at a low rate as it traveled through the aquifer.

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An anaerobic field injection experiment in a landfill leachate plume, Grindsted, Denmark: 1. Experimental setup, tracer movement, and fate of aromatic and chlorinated compounds

Cited by 52 publications

References 43 publications

Degradation of herbicides in shallow Danish aquifers: an integrated laboratory and field study

Degradation of herbicides in shallow Danish aquifers: an integrated laboratory and field study

Evaluating the fate of chlorinated ethenes in streambed sediments by combining stable isotope, geochemical and microbial methods

Fate of herbicides in a shallow aerobic aquifer: A continuous field injection experiment (Vejen, Denmark)

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