An AMTEC vapor-vapor, series connected cell

Underwood, M. L.; Williams, Roger M.; Ryan, Margaret A. K.; Jefferies-Nakamura, Barbara; O’Connor, Dennis M.

doi:10.1063/1.41758

Cited by 25 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…In which ω is the electrochemical transfer coefficient, typically, 0.5. The charge‐exchange current density (

J_{c}^{ex}

) is shown as

J_{c}^{ex} = J_{sat}^{ex} {[\frac{p_{c}^{italicoc}}{p_{sat} ((), T_{3})}]}^{1 / 2}

where

J_{sat}^{ex}

stands for the saturated equilibrium exchange‐current density and is expressed as

J_{sat}^{ex} = B \frac{p_{sat} ((), T_{3})}{\sqrt{T_{B}}}

…”

Section: The Description Of the Concentrated Solar‐driven Tic/amtec/tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conceptual design and performance analysis of concentrated solar-driven TIC/AMTEC/TEG hybrid system

Zhang

Xiao

2018

Int J Energy Res

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Summary Three kinds of static thermal to electrical conversion devices thermionic converter (TIC), alkali metal thermal electric converter (AMTEC), and thermoelectric generator (TEG) are incorporated into a novel thermoelectric hybrid system‐TIC/AMTEC/TEG hybrid system, driven by concentrated solar. To evaluate the performance of concentrated solar‐driven TIC/AMTEC/TEG hybrid system accurately, a comprehensive theoretical model based on the first law of thermodynamics has been established for the first time. The effects of load parameters (voltage output of TIC subsystem V1, electrode current density of AMTEC subsystem J2, dimensionless current of TEG subsystem i) and dimensionless geometric parameters (the ratio of total electrode area of AMTEC subsystem to emitter area of TIC subsystem r, the ratio of TEG subsystem area to total electrode area of AMTEC subsystem c) on the conversion efficiency of TIC/AMTEC/TEG hybrid system (ηALL) were discussed. Furthermore, in order to demonstrate the contribution of the hybrid system, the comparisons with two‐stage hybrid systems and subsystems were explored. The results show that both V1 and i make a positive effect on ηALL; however, V1 is of greater importance for ηALL. ηALL increases first and then decreases under the influence of J2 and r. Smaller c can sometimes achieve better ηALL. The comparison results reveal that the TIC/AMTEC/TEG hybrid system is outstanding in most cases.

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“…In which ω is the electrochemical transfer coefficient, typically, 0.5. The charge‐exchange current density (

J_{c}^{ex}

) is shown as

J_{c}^{ex} = J_{sat}^{ex} {[\frac{p_{c}^{italicoc}}{p_{sat} ((), T_{3})}]}^{1 / 2}

where

J_{sat}^{ex}

stands for the saturated equilibrium exchange‐current density and is expressed as

J_{sat}^{ex} = B \frac{p_{sat} ((), T_{3})}{\sqrt{T_{B}}}

…”

Section: The Description Of the Concentrated Solar‐driven Tic/amtec/tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conceptual design and performance analysis of concentrated solar-driven TIC/AMTEC/TEG hybrid system

Zhang

Xiao

2018

Int J Energy Res

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“…In the nineties, the first vapor-anode AMTEC cells were developed [7][8]. This kind of cells used vapor sodium on both sides of the electrolyte and needed a porous anode, which caused higher polarization losses.…”

Section: A History Of Amtec Convertermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 1994 Ryan et al [18] presented a model for the prediction of electrode lifetime based in the grain growth rate as grain spheres coalesce. Assuming that AMTEC is no more efficient when it reaches an electrode grain size of 1 μm, they predicted that Mo electrodes would live ~ 6 years at 1125 K and Pt 2.5 W electrodes 60 years.…”

Section: A History Of Amtec Convertermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The temperature independent exchange current B is determined experimentally and measures the ability of the cell to recombine electrons and ions at the triple interface between BASE, cathode electrode and sodium vapor. It depends on the electrode material, grain size and porosity and is defined as [18]:…”

Section: ) Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However this geometric factor is used basically for comparison, since it is only applicable for those electrodes with gas phase Na transport by Knudsen flow. The pressure drop due to flow through the cathode can be in that case calculated through (3) [18].…”

Section: ) Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Direct energy conversion of heat to electricity using AMTEC

Ramos

Onea

Scherrer

et al. 2015

2015 5th International Youth Conference on Energy (IYCE)

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A review on advances in alkali metal thermal to electric converters (AMTECs)

Xiao

Cao

2009

Int. J. Energy Res.

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SUMMARYThe alkali metal thermal to electric converter (AMTEC) is one of the most promising technologies for direct conversion of thermal energy to electricity and has been receiving attention in the field of energy conversion and utilization in the past several decades. This paper aims to present a comprehensive review of the state of the art in the research and development of the AMTEC, including its working principles and types, historical development and applications, analytical models, working fluids, electrode materials, as well as the performance and efficiency improvement. The current two major problems encountered by the AMTEC, the time-dependent power degradation and relatively low efficiency compared to its theoretical value, are discussed in depth. In addition, a brief comparison of the AMTEC with other direct thermal to electric converters (DTECs), such as the thermoelectrics converter (TEC), thermionics converter, and thermophotovoltaics converter, is given, and combinations of different DTECs to further improve DTECs' power generation and overall conversion efficiency are demonstrated. Future research and development directions and the issues that need to be further investigated are also suggested. It is believed that this comprehensive review will be beneficial to the design, simulation, analysis, performance assessment, and applications of various types of AMTECs.

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An AMTEC vapor-vapor, series connected cell

Cited by 25 publications

References 0 publications

Conceptual design and performance analysis of concentrated solar-driven TIC/AMTEC/TEG hybrid system

Conceptual design and performance analysis of concentrated solar-driven TIC/AMTEC/TEG hybrid system

Direct energy conversion of heat to electricity using AMTEC

A review on advances in alkali metal thermal to electric converters (AMTECs)

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