An Ambient RF Energy Harvesting System Where the Number of Antenna Ports is Dependent on Frequency

Shen, Shanpu; Zhang, Yujie; Chiu, Chi-Yuk; Murch, R.D.

doi:10.1109/tmtt.2019.2906598

Cited by 84 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…For a 3D space, the average gain of an ideal antenna is 0 dB regardless of the radiation pattern [39]. In [42], it was analytically demonstrated that a high-directivity antenna does not improve the received power from an ambient wave due to the variations in the propagation medium. However, [42] concludes that this may change for lower antenna efficiency.…”

Section: B Rf-powered Ban Performance Using 3d Antenna Gainmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In [42], it was analytically demonstrated that a high-directivity antenna does not improve the received power from an ambient wave due to the variations in the propagation medium. However, [42] concludes that this may change for lower antenna efficiency. In this work, it is shown that a 915 MHz omnidirectional rectenna, with low radiation efficiency, can outperform its directional counterpart operating at 2.4 GHz when evaluated over meaningful 2D planes for body-worn energy harvesting.…”

Section: B Rf-powered Ban Performance Using 3d Antenna Gainmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Real-World Performance of Sub-1 GHz and 2.4 GHz Textile Antennas for RF-Powered Body Area Networks

et al. 2020

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In Radio Frequency (RF)-powered networks, peak antenna gains and path-loss models are often used to predict the power that can be received by a rectenna. However, this leads to significant over-estimation of the harvested power when using rectennas in a dynamic setting. This work proposes more realistic parameters for evaluating RF-powered Body Area Networks (BANs), and utilizes them to analyze and compare the performance of an RF-powered BAN based on 915 MHz and 2.4 GHz rectennas. Two fully-textile antennas: a 915 MHz monopole and a 2.4 GHz patch, are designed and fabricated for numerical radiation pattern analysis and practical forward transmission measurements. The antennas' radiation properties are used to calculate the power delivered to a wireless-powered BAN formed of four antennas at different body positions. The mean angular gain is proposed as a more insightful metric for evaluating RFEH networks with unknown transmitter-receiver alignment. It is concluded that, when considering the mean gain, an RF-powered BAN using an omnidirectional 915 MHz antenna outperforms a 2.4 GHz BAN with higher-gain antenna, despite lack of shielding, by 15.4× higher DC power. Furthermore, a transmitter located above the user can result in 1× and 9× higher DC power at 915 MHz and 2.4 GHz, respectively, compared to a horizontal transmitter. Finally, it is suggested that the mean and angular gain should be considered instead of the peak gain. This accounts for the antennas' angular misalignment resulting from the receiver's mobility, which can vary the received power by an order of magnitude.INDEX TERMS Antennas, Body Area Networks (BAN), electronic textiles, energy harvesting, Internet of Things, ISM bands, RF energy harvesting, wearable antenna, wireless power transfer.

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Section: B Rf-powered Ban Performance Using 3d Antenna Gainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: B Rf-powered Ban Performance Using 3d Antenna Gainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-World Performance of Sub-1 GHz and 2.4 GHz Textile Antennas for RF-Powered Body Area Networks

et al. 2020

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“…In another study, a multiport rectenna was proposed by Shen, Zhang, Chiu, and Murch [26]. The multiport rectenna was proposed for the harvesting of ambient RF energy.…”

Section: Energy Harvestingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis, Characterization and Development of Energy Harvesting Techniques Incorporated with Antennas: A Review Study

Ibrahim

Singh

Al‐Bawri

et al. 2020

Sensors

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The investigation into new sources of energy with the highest efficiency which are derived from existing energy sources is a significant research area and is attracting a great deal of interest. Radio frequency (RF) energy harvesting is a promising alternative for obtaining energy for wireless devices directly from RF energy sources in the environment. An overview of the energy harvesting concept will be discussed in detail in this paper. Energy harvesting is a very promising method for the development of self-powered electronics. Many applications, such as the Internet of Things (IoT), smart environments, the military or agricultural monitoring depend on the use of sensor networks which require a large variety of small and scattered devices. The low-power operation of such distributed devices requires wireless energy to be obtained from their surroundings in order to achieve safe, self-sufficient and maintenance-free systems. The energy harvesting circuit is known to be an interface between piezoelectric and electro-strictive loads. A modern view of circuitry for energy harvesting is based on power conditioning principles that also involve AC-to-DC conversion and voltage regulation. Throughout the field of energy conversion, energy harvesting circuits often impose electric boundaries for devices, which are important for maximizing the energy that is harvested. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) is described as the ratio between the rectifier’s output DC power and the antenna-based RF-input power (before its passage through the corresponding network).

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“…Limitations on the physical size of a RF energy harvester imposes limitations on the physical size of the antenna and hence on its effective area. The proposed antenna in [4] could be a solution for this problem. The study introduced a novel multiport rectenna system, allowing the available area for the rectenna to be fully utilized at all operating frequencies by using different numbers of antenna ports for RF energy harvesting.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use Ultra-Wideband Discone Rectenna for Broadband RF Energy Harvesting Applications

et al. 2020

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In this study, a broadband Radio Frequency (RF) energy harvester implementation is presented. The system uses a broadband discone antenna, which can operate efficiently in a broad frequency spectrum, including LTE, DCS 1800 and UMTS 2100 cellular frequency bands. The system is able to harvest energy from various electromagnetic field sources, thus has the potential to efficiently charge a storage energy element in a short time. The prototype broadband RF energy harvester was tested in the laboratory and also in a typical urban environment.Technologies 2020, 8, 21 2 of 13 energy from more ambient wireless sources that are distributed in a wide frequency range. Multiband rectennas normally have high conversion efficiency contrary to a narrow operating bandwidth, and can be ideal for energy harvesting from wireless communications systems, such as DCS-1800, LTE, UMTS [5].The authors in [6] proposed a complimentary split ring resonator (CSRR) metamaterial multiband antenna with a hybrid junction ring rectifier as a multiband rectenna that was able to utilize wireless transmissions from four communication bands such as GSM, UMTS, LTE, WiFi, using separately rectifier branches. Subrectifiers have been matched by the hybrid ring junction at each operating band. With this setup, the rectenna has a peak conversion efficiency up to 67% at 1.8 GHz. Additionally, the proposed multiband rectenna was tested in an urban environment.Broadband rectennas usually have lower conversion efficiency in contrary to a wide operating bandwidth. The design of this type of rectenna is a difficult process due to the complex matching network and the nonlinearity of the rectifiers' diodes [5]. Tapered line matching networks could be a solution for this problem as proposed by the authors of [7] with impedance transformation from the source (50 Ω) to the load (140 Ω). The proposed broadband rectenna exhibits an improved conversion efficiency above 30% across the entire frequency range from 1.2 to 5 GHz, using an Archimedean Spiral Antenna and a wideband-tapered microstrip balance-unbalanced transmission line (BALUN).The authors in [8] proposed a broadband rectenna using a double-sided printed monopole antenna consists of circular patch with a truncated ground plane. This type of rectenna, has an operating bandwidth range from 0.9 to 5.5 GHz and offers maximum efficiency (62.5%) with a resistive terminal load of 5 kΩ at 1.8 GHz, as shown from measurements results.The work in [9] introduced a compact broadband rectenna using a coplanar waveguide (CPW) rectangular monopole antenna with an inverted-L open circuit stub as the matching network and a rectifying circuit based on a voltage doubler with a minimum footprint size (58 × 55 mm 2 ). The proposed rectenna operates from 1.8 to 3.5 GHz and 5.4 to 6 GHz, and is able to utilize transmissions from wireless applications such as GSM 1800, UMTS 2100, WLAN 802.11 a, b and g systems and also WiMAX signals efficiently up to 28% for power conversion.Although the above systems can effectively operate in seve...

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An Ambient RF Energy Harvesting System Where the Number of Antenna Ports is Dependent on Frequency

Cited by 84 publications

References 49 publications

Real-World Performance of Sub-1 GHz and 2.4 GHz Textile Antennas for RF-Powered Body Area Networks

Real-World Performance of Sub-1 GHz and 2.4 GHz Textile Antennas for RF-Powered Body Area Networks

Synthesis, Characterization and Development of Energy Harvesting Techniques Incorporated with Antennas: A Review Study

Use Ultra-Wideband Discone Rectenna for Broadband RF Energy Harvesting Applications

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