An alternative ultrasonic method for measuring the elastic properties of cortical bone

Abstract

We studied the elastic properties of bone to analyze its mechanical behavior. The basic principles of ultrasonic methods are now well established for varying isotropic media, particularly in the field of biomedical engineering. However, little progress has been made in its application to anisotropic materials. This is largely due to the complex nature of wave propagation in these media. In the present study, the theory of elastic waves is essential because it relates the elastic moduli of a material to the velocity of propagation of these waves along arbitrary directions in a solid. Transducers are generally placed in contact with the samples which are often cubes with parallel faces that are difficult to prepare. The ultrasonic method used here is original, a rough preparation of the bone is sufficient and the sample is rotated. Moreover, to analyze heterogeneity of the structure we measure velocities in different points on the sample. The aim of the present study was to determine in vitro the anisotropic elastic properties of cortical bones. For this purpose, our method allowed measurement of longitudinal and transverse velocities (C(L) and C(T)) in longitudinal (fiber direction) and the radial directions (orthogonal to the fiber direction) of compact bones. Young's modulus E and Poisson's ratio nu, were then deduced from the velocities measured considering the compact bone as transversely isotropic or orthotropic. The results are in line with those of other methods.

Analysis of fracture processes in cortical bone tissue

“…Based on the results of this study, the following conclusions were made: Table 1 Transverse Isotropic material properties [20,21] used in FE models (subscripts denote axial orientation: 1 -longitudinal; 2 -transverse) [20], GPa E 2 [20], GPa ν [21] G 12 [20], GPa Table 3 …”

A review on recent advances in numerical modelling of bone cutting

“…Despite the limitations of a two dimensional (2D) analysis this approach has been extensively used for simulation of machining for decades, in the field of metal and composite cutting. Simulation of orthogonal cutting has allowed the development of efficient models, with low computational cost, able to predict variables related to interface contact or surface integrity, see for instance recent works by the authors Tai et al (2013);Wood (1971);Cezayirlioglu et al (1985); Davy and Connolly (1982); Evans and Lissner (1957);McElhaney et al (1970); Voor et al (1997); Johnson and Rapoff (2007); Kasiri et al (2010); Martin and Boardman (1993); Li et al (2013b); Pithioux et al (2002); Katz et al (1984); Li et al (2014).…”

Tissue modeling and analyzing for cranium brain with finite element method

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