An Alternative Tool for Intra-Row Weed Control in a High-Density Olive Orchard

Assirelli, A.; Ciaccia, Corrado; Giorgi, Veronica; Zucchini, Matteo; Neri, Davide; Lodolini, E.M.

doi:10.3390/agronomy12030605

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Применимость технологии гидрообработки приствольных зон садовых насаждений подтверждается в исследовании [15], где использование агрегата гидрообработки Caffini Gras Killer показало схожую эффективность с механическими методами обработки. Также гидрообработка рассматривается как одна из экологичных альтернатив применения химических средств борьбы с сорной растительностью в промышленных садах [16; 17].…”

Section: Agricultural Engineeringunclassified

https://vestnik.mrsu.ru/index.php/en/articles2-en/123-24-1/1114-10-15507-0236-2910-034-202401-5

Shutenko,

Khort

2024

Engineering Technologies and Systems

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Introduction. The article describes the process of considering the geometric parameters of water jet depending on a water jet operation mode and nozzle type. Within the framework of the study of hydraulic soil treatment in the under-tree zones, it became necessary to study the water jet parameters when using different types of nozzles. There was need to determine the geometric parameters of water flow for calculating the cross-sectional area and determining the structural features of the water jet formation. These characteristics are important for a complete description, subsequent study and calculation of water jet action during hydraulic soil treatment; they also allow studying the real shape and structure of the water jet when using different types of nozzles. Aim of the study. The study is aimed at determining the geometric parameters of the water jet for different nozzles including turbo cutters located at different heights. Materials and Methods. To solve this problem, there was developed a test bench, on four pillars, to which the adapter of the supply line of the high-pressure apparatus with replaceable nozzles is fixed. To fix the position and shape of the water jet with a certain frequency, a Basler ace acA1920 camera was used. There was also used a high-pressure apparatus with a maximum pressure of P = 140 MPa, a maximum flow rate of Q = 360 l/h. A standard nozzle with a flat jet, a standard turbo nozzle, and a turbo nozzle of the developed design were used. The geometric parameters of the water jet section were measured from the photographs obtained. Results. From the photos obtained, it can be seen that the rotating water stream entering the turbo nozzle of its own design and the standard turbo nozzle disintegrates from rapid rotation, forming a cone, the cross-sectional area of which is a circle, and affects the soil surface. A flat jet is characterized by a rectangular cross-section. Discussion and Conclusion. According to the results of the study we can draw the following conclusions, the nozzle of the proposed design allows creating water jets of the largest area, which should provide an increase in the working width and, as a consequence, an increase in productivity and quality of soil surface treatment in mainline plantations. This study will also make it possible to analyze the structure of the jet during its operation.

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Section: Agricultural Engineeringunclassified

https://vestnik.mrsu.ru/index.php/en/articles2-en/123-24-1/1114-10-15507-0236-2910-034-202401-5

Shutenko,

Khort

2024

Engineering Technologies and Systems

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“…Weed species present on an olive orchard's floor, like Conyza sp., present significant challenges nowadays, as they are not effectively controlled by glyphosate spray treatment [133,134]. The eventual withdrawal of this herbicide will lead to the implementation of other nonherbicide solutions for orchard floor management [135].…”

Section: Non-tillage Cover Crops and Herbicide Reductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainability of High-Density Olive Orchards: Hints for Irrigation Management and Agroecological Approaches

Sobreiro

Patanita

et al. 2023

Water

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The production of olive oil in Portugal and other countries of the Mediterranean region has greatly increased in recent years. Intensification efforts have focused on the growth of the planted area, but also on the increase of the orchards density and the implementation of irrigation systems. Concerns about possible negative impacts of modern olive orchard production have arisen in the last years, questioning the trade-offs between the production benefits and the environmental costs. Therefore, it is of great importance to review the research progress made regarding agronomic options that preserve ecosystem services in high-density irrigated olive orchards. In this literature review, a keywords-based search of academic databases was performed using, as primary keywords, irrigated olive orchards, high density/intensive/hedgerow olive orchards/groves, irrigation strategies, and soil management. Aside from 42 general databases, disseminated research, and concept-framing publications, 112 specific studies were retrieved. The olive orchards were classified as either traditional (TD) (50–200 trees ha−1), medium-density (MD) (201–400 trees ha−1), high-density (HD) (401–1500 trees ha−1), or super-high-density (SHD) orchards (1501–2500 trees ha−1). For olive crops, the ETc ranged from 0.65 to 0.70, and could fall as low as 0.45 in the summer without a significant decrease in oil productivity. Several studies have reported that intermediate irrigation levels linked with the adoption of deficit irrigation strategies, like regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) or partial rootzone drying (PRD), can be effective options. With irrigation, it is possible to implement agroecosystems with cover crops, non-tillage, and recycling of pruning residues. These practices reduce the soil erosion and nutrient leaching and improve the soil organic carbon by 2 to 3 t C ha−1 year−1. In this situation, in general, the biodiversity of plants and animals also increases. We expect that this work will provide a reference for research works and resource planning focused on the improvement of the productive and environmental performance of dense irrigated olive orchards, thereby contributing to the overall enhancement of the sustainability of these expanding agroecosystems.

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“…Spain is the world leader in surface area, production, and foreign trade in olive oil; however, one of the biggest challenges is weed management [3], which even includes non-chemical alternatives to a greater or lesser extent [4], but the main tool for managing this vegetation continues to be herbicides. As a result of the use of these substances, various biotypes of weeds have been selected for resistance to herbicides, such as glyphosate [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Filago pyramidata Tolerant to ALS-Inhibiting Herbicides: A New Invasive Weed in Olive Groves of Southern Spain

et al. 2023

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Weeds that usually grow in non-agricultural areas have become increasingly common invading perennial crops. Species of the genus Filago, in addition to invading Spanish olive groves, have developed certain levels of natural tolerance to the acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibiting herbicide flazasulfuron. The objective of this study was to determine the level and the mechanism involved in the tolerance to flazasulfuron in Filago pyramidata L., which occurs in olive groves of southern Spain, as well as to identify possible cross- or multiple-tolerances by evaluating alternative herbicides for its control. A population resistant (R) to flazasulfuron and a susceptible (S) one of Conyza canadensis were used as references. The accessions of F. pyramidata presented LD50 values (from 72 to 81 g active ingredient (ai) ha−1) higher than the field dose of flazasulfuron (50 g ai ha−1), being 11–12.5 times more tolerant than the S population of C. canadensis, but less than half the R population (170 g ai ha−1). Enzymatically, F. pyramidata was as sensitive to flazasulfuron (I50 = 17.3 μM) as the S population of C. canadensis. Filago pyramidata plants treated with flazasulfuron, combined with 4-chloro-7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole, had a growth reduction of up to 85%, revealing the participation of glutathione-S-transferases in herbicide metabolism. Filago pyramidata presented cross-tolerance to the different chemical groups of ALS inhibitors, except triazolinones (florasulam). Synthetic auxins (2,4-D and fluroxypyr) presented good control, but some individuals survived (low multiple resistance). Cellulose synthesis, 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate, 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase, protoporphyrinogen oxidase, photosystem I, and photosystem II inhibitor herbicides, applied in PRE or POST-emergence, presented excellent levels of control of F. pyramidata. These results confirmed the natural tolerance of F. pyramidata to flazasulfuron and cross-tolerance to most ALS-inhibiting herbicides. The mechanism involved was enhanced metabolism mediated by glutathione-S-transferases, which also conferred low multiple tolerance to synthetic auxins. Even so, herbicides with other mechanisms of action still offer excellent levels of control of F. pyramidata.

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An Alternative Tool for Intra-Row Weed Control in a High-Density Olive Orchard

Cited by 9 publications

References 38 publications

https://vestnik.mrsu.ru/index.php/en/articles2-en/123-24-1/1114-10-15507-0236-2910-034-202401-5

https://vestnik.mrsu.ru/index.php/en/articles2-en/123-24-1/1114-10-15507-0236-2910-034-202401-5

Sustainability of High-Density Olive Orchards: Hints for Irrigation Management and Agroecological Approaches

Filago pyramidata Tolerant to ALS-Inhibiting Herbicides: A New Invasive Weed in Olive Groves of Southern Spain

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