Abstract:Background The use of donor human milk is rising. Maternal awareness of donor human milk use, milk donation, and milk banks has not been well described in the United States. Research Aims To explore maternal experience, knowledge, and attitudes regarding donor human milk use and milk donation. We also assessed counseling by medical providers about donor human milk use and donation. Methods A cross-sectional prospective survey design was used in this study. We anonymously surveyed mothers ( N = 73) attending th… Show more
“…More than two-thirds of the women included in this study reported that they had never heard of HMB before. Similar studies report that women have higher awareness in countries where HMBs are used [21][22][23] and levels of awareness about HMB are low in other countries [24][25][26]. Although the respondents' awareness level of HMB was low, at the end of the study, more than half of the respondents supported the founding of an HMB in Turkey.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 54%
“…In this study, the majority of the women had heard about wet nursing and reported that they would be willing to be wet nurses; only one in eight, however, had experienced this. Although the use of wet nurses has decreased significantly today [7], mothers' willingness to be wet nurses is also supported by the literature [19,21].…”
Background
Human milk banks (HMB) play an essential role by providing human milk to infants who would otherwise not be able to receive mother’s milk. There is currently no donor milk bank in Turkey. For any new health intervention to be successful, determining its acceptability is a vital first step. This study intends to determine the opinions, knowledge, and attitudes of native Turkish and refugee women living in Çeştepe, Aydın, a rural area in Turkey, about HMB.
Methods
A population-based cross-sectional, mixed-methods study was conducted. Qualitative study data were collected through in-depth interviews with 33 women, and quantitative study data were collected using a questionnaire. A total of 271 women in the region were included in the study. Qualitative data were thematically analyzed and then a conceptual framework was created. Logistic regression was performed for quantitative data.
Results
Fifty-seven point nine per cent of the women were willing to donate breast milk, whereas only 27.7% were willing to use donor milk for their babies. Religious concerns, fear of infectious diseases, and distrust in people they did not know were among the reasons for the negative attitudes of the women. Fear of infectious diseases was mentioned specifically by native Turkish women, and religious concerns were reported both by native Turkish and refugee women. The importance of breast milk and religion were among the reasons for positive attitudes. Additionally, odds of having a positive attitude were 4.19 times higher in homemaker women (95% CI 2.0, 8.76); 4.77 times higher in women with three or more children (95% CI 1.25, 8.15); 6.12 times higher in women who had a positive attitude towards wet nursing (95% CI 3.14, 9.63); and 2.68 times higher in those who had previously heard about human milk banking (95% CI 1.24, 5.79).
Conclusion
Attitudes towards HMB are affected by religion, cultural beliefs, and concerns about the safety of breast milk in HMBs. Refugees and native Turkish women are found to have similar religious concerns. These findings should be taken into consideration in human milk banking initiatives and in activities to increase acceptance by the public.
“…More than two-thirds of the women included in this study reported that they had never heard of HMB before. Similar studies report that women have higher awareness in countries where HMBs are used [21][22][23] and levels of awareness about HMB are low in other countries [24][25][26]. Although the respondents' awareness level of HMB was low, at the end of the study, more than half of the respondents supported the founding of an HMB in Turkey.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 54%
“…In this study, the majority of the women had heard about wet nursing and reported that they would be willing to be wet nurses; only one in eight, however, had experienced this. Although the use of wet nurses has decreased significantly today [7], mothers' willingness to be wet nurses is also supported by the literature [19,21].…”
Background
Human milk banks (HMB) play an essential role by providing human milk to infants who would otherwise not be able to receive mother’s milk. There is currently no donor milk bank in Turkey. For any new health intervention to be successful, determining its acceptability is a vital first step. This study intends to determine the opinions, knowledge, and attitudes of native Turkish and refugee women living in Çeştepe, Aydın, a rural area in Turkey, about HMB.
Methods
A population-based cross-sectional, mixed-methods study was conducted. Qualitative study data were collected through in-depth interviews with 33 women, and quantitative study data were collected using a questionnaire. A total of 271 women in the region were included in the study. Qualitative data were thematically analyzed and then a conceptual framework was created. Logistic regression was performed for quantitative data.
Results
Fifty-seven point nine per cent of the women were willing to donate breast milk, whereas only 27.7% were willing to use donor milk for their babies. Religious concerns, fear of infectious diseases, and distrust in people they did not know were among the reasons for the negative attitudes of the women. Fear of infectious diseases was mentioned specifically by native Turkish women, and religious concerns were reported both by native Turkish and refugee women. The importance of breast milk and religion were among the reasons for positive attitudes. Additionally, odds of having a positive attitude were 4.19 times higher in homemaker women (95% CI 2.0, 8.76); 4.77 times higher in women with three or more children (95% CI 1.25, 8.15); 6.12 times higher in women who had a positive attitude towards wet nursing (95% CI 3.14, 9.63); and 2.68 times higher in those who had previously heard about human milk banking (95% CI 1.24, 5.79).
Conclusion
Attitudes towards HMB are affected by religion, cultural beliefs, and concerns about the safety of breast milk in HMBs. Refugees and native Turkish women are found to have similar religious concerns. These findings should be taken into consideration in human milk banking initiatives and in activities to increase acceptance by the public.
“…A demographic data sheet was completed by the participants. The research team developed a semistructured interview guide (figure 1) based on their clinical expertise and a literature review 17 18 21. Before conducting participant interviews, team members revised the interview guide after pilot testing it with two postpartum mothers.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Previous publications have reported experiences of mothers with DHM in other countries, including mothers of premature infants 16–21. There is no published study on experiences of mothers with premature infants in a multiracial Asian society; therefore, we have embarked on this study in our institution.…”
ObjectiveTo explore the effect of donor human milk usage on the emotional experience of mothers with premature infants in a multiracial Asian population.DesignA qualitative descriptive study. Semistructured individual interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed and analysed using Braun and Clarke’s process of thematic analysis.Setting and patientsSeventeen mothers whose premature infants received donor human milk in a level III neonatal intensive care unit.Main outcome measuresPerceptions of mothers whose premature infants received donor human milk.ResultsMothers described their experience as a journey of acceptance with three sequential themes. ‘Resistance to receiving somebody else’s milk’ was a process of overcoming initial hesitation and concerns. ‘Recognising maternal limitations and baby’s needs’ depicted the mothers’ struggles in reconciling their infant’s milk demand and their low milk supply. ‘Embracing benefits of donor human milk and acceptance with gratitude’ illustrated the mothers’ joy and gratitude to milk donors as they embraced benefits of donor human milk usage. Although participants had agreed to use of donor human milk after counselling, many still struggled with negative emotions of anxiety and guilt. Mothers of Muslim faith had additional concerns about milk kinship and religious permissibility of donor human milk.ConclusionMothers undergo a spectrum of complex emotions from initial hesitation to acceptance with gratitude, when their premature infants receive donor human milk. Some continue to struggle with negative emotions and require more support. By recognising their emotional responses, healthcare providers can support mothers in their breastfeeding journey with targeted counselling.
“…In these cases, the human milk bank (HMB) is the main alternative for promoting breastfeeding and performing HM collection, processing, and quality control activities. The administration of this diet is commonly done with the aid of an infusion pump (which keeps the diet flow controlled) or by gavage (which allows flow according to the force of gravity; Ellsworth et al, 2020).…”
Background: The retention of human milk nutrients in gastric tubes used to feed premature infants is a challenge to be overcome. Research Aims: To evaluate (1) the performance of six homogenizers (mixing processor, piston valve, ultrasonic bath, ultraturrax, stirring mixer, and ultrasound probe) for the fat retention reduction in gastric tubes; (2) the influence of the best homogenization conditions on the fatty acid and protein profiles of human milk; and (3) the cost/benefit ratio for the inclusion of homogenization as a new step in human milk processing. Methods: The influence of different levels and times of homogenization on reducing fat retention of human milk in probes was evaluated in this comparative prospective cross-sectional study. After homogenization, human milk flowed through a gavage and infusion pump apparatus used for feeding. Fat content was quantified before and after feeding. The techniques that reduced fat globule sizes and/or promoted a lower percentage of fat holding were evaluated for efficiency, variations in the fatty acid and protein profiles, and energy density and operating costs. Results: Homogenization led to a reduction in fat retention in feeding probes. The mixer processor and the ultrasound probe reduced fat retention by 99.23% (SD = 0.07) and 99.95% (SD = 0.02), respectively, and did not negatively influence fatty acid and protein profiles. The mixer processor demonstrated low energy density and low cost for human milk processing. Conclusion: Homogenization promoted reduced fat retention in the feed probe and could help maintain fat nutrients of human milk during enteral feeding.
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