“…4‘-Thionucleosides, which are bioisosteric to clinically useful 4‘-oxonucleosides, show interesting activities such as antibiotic, antiviral, and antineoplastic . Despite these encouraging results and other inherent advantages, such as having a more stable glycosyl bond and increased metabolic stability, difficulties in accessing the requisite 4-thiosugars, which normally involves numerous and low-yielding steps, have prevented their development as clinical agents. Although several groups published improved syntheses of d -2‘-deoxy-4‘-thio-, d -4‘-thioribo-, and d -2‘,3‘-dideoxy-4‘-thionucleosides in the early 1990s, the synthesis of 4-thiosugars continues to be a challenge for the synthesis of 4‘-thionucleosides.…”