An Alternative Model of Rotation Curve that Explains Anomalous Orbital Velocity, Mass Discrepancy and Structure of Some Galaxies

Abstract

A new model of galaxy rotation based on the cyclostrophic model of vortices found in nature is developed. The model is tested using the SPARC dataset of 175 galaxies and a smaller dataset comprising of 60 galaxies. Analysis of the datasets showed that galactic rotation can be adequately described using the observed surface brightness of galaxies and the newly developed cyclostrophic velocity model. The use of the luminosity and the inverse mass-to-light ratio in lieu of the surface brightness, also yield a very good fit of the observed and computed galaxy rotation velocity. Evidently, galactic rotation greatly depends on the cyclostrophic balance of the pressure gradient and the centrifugal forces and the seismic-induced radial expansion occurring in various stars. This is the most probable origin of the action of a single force law that has been overlooked in previous studies. Therefore, the need for a super-massive black hole at the center of galaxies or hidden dark matter can be eliminated. Attractive gravitational force can occur even without a massive black hole at the center of galaxies. There appears to be a pressure gradient force between the center and the outer parts of galaxies that sustains attraction. The cyclostrophic model appears to be the physical basis of the Tully-Fisher relation. Furthermore, the missing mass problem associated with galactic rotation can be attributed to the orbital expansion of celestial objects perturbed by seismic-induced forces. In addition, massive tremors or starquakes may create a domino effect in perturbing nearby stars along the axis of the seismic-induced force and this could result in the formation of elliptical galaxies as the orbits of seismic-perturbed neighboring stars become larger.

The Theoretical Value of the Hubble Constant Ho and Unification of the Fundamental Forces of Nature

“…This is the same as the ratio of the initial G derived from this study and the newly accepted CODATA value of G. The anomalous recession of planets and moons could be governed mainly by seismic-induced forces. More studies are needed to verify this new idea including the elusive dark matter which could be due to celestial jerks or tremors as earlier [7], [12].…”

“…The Tully-Fisher distance needs correction as already described in Rivera [12]. When the cosmological distance of pulsating objects is corrected using ( 9), the Hubble constant estimated using Cepheid variables and supernovae may converge to the theoretical Ho value of 69.921 Km/s/Mpc.…”

“…Photon-photon collision possibly occurs during seismic action inducing the generation of electron-positron pair with a collision energy that is higher than their rest-mass energy and annihilate each other in a short period of time. Such intense light should induce an irradiant force Fi whose magnitude per unit mass is proportional to the temperature gradient or the luminosity L as [12]:…”

“…where kr is the opacity [12]. The Friedmann equations governing the Hubble parameter H may need to be revised.…”

“…It is also possible that the Casimir effect is just a manifestation of the phenomenon of light-induced gravitational attraction. Following (12), light attracts objects around it and the force of attraction should be proportional to luminosity L (or brightness μ since μ = L/4πr 2 ) and inversely proportional to the speed of light c as: where the constant β = 3kr/c, m is mass, and r is radial distance. This and ( 12) is a new yet simple theoretical explanation of the light-induced gravitational attraction that may explain the results of the physical experiments described above.…”