An Alternative Mode of Early Land Plant Colonization by Putative Endomycorrhizal Fungi

Krings, Michael; Taylor, Thomas N.; Hass, Hagen; Kerp, Hans; Dotzler, Nora; Hermsen, Elizabeth J.

doi:10.4161/psb.2.2.3970

Cited by 38 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Fungal infection was initially intracellular in rhizoids and tissues of the rhizoidal ridge and later became intercellular in the cortex of both prostate and proximal portions of the aerial axes. Intercellular vesicles and spores were produced, but arbuscule‐like structures were not observed (Krings et al ., ,b). Given the presence of fungus in the rhizoids and because the prostate axes of Nothia are nonstomatiferous, Krings et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Given the presence of fungus in the rhizoids and because the prostate axes of Nothia are nonstomatiferous, Krings et al . (,b) concluded that fungal entry was most likely via the rhizoids. In Horneophyton we infer that colonization of the upright axes (Glomeromycota) occurred through the epidermis due to the presence of the hyphae closed to the epidermis in the vicinity of the basal part of the aerial axis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fungal associations in Horneophyton ligneri from the Rhynie Chert (c. 407 million year old) closely resemble those in extant lower land plants: novel insights into ancestral plant–fungus symbioses

et al. 2014

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SummaryFungi (Eumycota) form close associations with plants, with which they have co-existed since the dawn of life on land, but their diversity in early terrestrial ecosystems is still poorly understood.We studied petrographic sections of exceptionally well-preserved petrified plants from the 407 million yr-old Rhynie Chert (Scotland, UK). For comparative purposes, we illustrate fungal associations in four extant lower land plants.We document two new endophytes in the plant Horneophyton lignieri: Palaeoglomus boullardii (sp. nov. Glomeromycota) colonizes parenchyma in a discontinuous zone of the outer cortex of the aerial axes, forming arbuscule-like structures, vesicles and spores; Palaeoendogone gwynne-vaughaniae (gen. nov., sp. nov. Mucoromycotina) colonizes parenchyma in the basal part of the plant, where it is present in intercellular spaces and as intracellular coils but absent from rhizoids.Critical comparisons between the newly discovered Horneophyton endophytes, fungi previously described from the Rhynie Chert and fungal colonization in extant lower land plants reveal several features characteristic of both Mucoromycotina and Glomeromycota. A reappraisal of fungal associations in early land plants indicates that they are more diverse than assumed hitherto, overturning the long-held paradigm that the early endophytes were exclusively Glomeromycota.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal associations in Horneophyton ligneri from the Rhynie Chert (c. 407 million year old) closely resemble those in extant lower land plants: novel insights into ancestral plant–fungus symbioses

et al. 2014

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“…Our observations demonstrate that intercellular fungal proliferation is a signature of Mucoromycotina colonization, and lend further support to the hypothesis that the early Devonian vascular plant Nothia , which also harboured inter‐ and intracellular fungi (Berbee & Taylor, ; Krings et al ., ,b), formed associations with Mucoromycotina fungi (Pressel et al ., ; Strullu‐Derrien et al ., ). Nonetheless, where the fungi are exclusively intracellular (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal associations of basal vascular plants: reopening a closed book?

et al. 2014

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“…arbuscules and hyphal coils) and often storage organs termed vesicles. Recent inferences from phylogenetic studies and direct observations of early fossils demonstrate that AM fungi are ancient (Brundrett, 2002;Taylor et al, 2004;Taylor and Krings, 2005;Berbee and Taylor, 2007;Krings et al, 2007a;Strullu-Derrien and Strullu, 2007). Much of the early fossil evidence comes from the Rhynie Chert.…”

Section: Fungal Partnershipsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Origin and Early Evolution of Roots

2014

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Geological sites of exceptional fossil preservation are becoming a focus of research on root evolution because they retain edaphic and ecological context, and the remains of plant soft tissues are preserved in some. New information is emerging on the origins of rooting systems, their interactions with fungi, and their nature and diversity in the earliest forest ecosystems. Remarkably wellpreserved fossils prove that mycorrhizal symbionts were diverse in simple rhizoid-based systems. Roots evolved in a piecemeal fashion and independently in several major clades through the Devonian Period (416 to 360 million years ago), rapidly extending functionality and complexity. Evidence from extinct arborescent clades indicates that polar auxin transport was recruited independently in several to regulate wood and root development. The broader impact of root evolution on the geochemical carbon cycle is a developing area and one in which the interests of the plant physiologist intersect with those of the geochemist.

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An Alternative Mode of Early Land Plant Colonization by Putative Endomycorrhizal Fungi

Cited by 38 publications

References 8 publications

Fungal associations in Horneophyton ligneri from the Rhynie Chert (c. 407 million year old) closely resemble those in extant lower land plants: novel insights into ancestral plant–fungus symbioses

Fungal associations in Horneophyton ligneri from the Rhynie Chert (c. 407 million year old) closely resemble those in extant lower land plants: novel insights into ancestral plant–fungus symbioses

Fungal associations of basal vascular plants: reopening a closed book?

The Origin and Early Evolution of Roots

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