An alternative method for the determination of estrogens in surface water and wastewater treatment plant effluent using pre-column trimethylsilyl derivatization and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry

Zhou, Yiqi; Zhou, Jun; Xu, Yiping; Zha, Jinmiao; Ma, Ming; Wang, Zijian

doi:10.1007/s10661-008-0563-4

Cited by 12 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…In the case of water samples, LODs were in the 0.02-6.07 ng/L range, similar to those obtained in the bibliography using LVI-PTV-GC-MS [43] or GC-MS after precolumn trimethylsilyl derivatization [47] and better than those obtained after splitless injection followed by GC-MS, both in the electron impact ionization mode [38] or negative chemical ionization mode [48], and better than the results obtained by LC-MS/MS analysis [49].…”

Section: Figures Of Merit Of the Developed Methodssupporting

confidence: 86%

Optimization of large volume injection-programmable temperature vaporization-gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis for the determination of estrogenic compounds in environmental samples

Vallejo

Fernández

Olivares

et al. 2010

Journal of Chromatography A

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Section: Figures Of Merit Of the Developed Methodssupporting

confidence: 86%

Optimization of large volume injection-programmable temperature vaporization-gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis for the determination of estrogenic compounds in environmental samples

Vallejo

Fernández

Olivares

et al. 2010

Journal of Chromatography A

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“…The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) for this method were achieved by concentrating 2 L waters and extracting 10 g sediments. They were calculated as the minimum amount of a compound present in the sample that produced a signal to noise ratio of three to six, based on an injection of 1 lL aliquot of the final 0.4 mL extraction solution (Zhou et al, 2009). The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) for water were 0.10-0.65 ng L À1 and 0.2-1.3 ng L À1 , respectively.…”

Section: Quality Assurance and Quality Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Levels of six estrogens in water and sediment from three rivers in Tianjin area, China

et al. 2009

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a b s t r a c tThe occurrence of estrogens in the aquatic environment attracts increasingly attention because of their strong endocrine disrupting potency. In present work, concentrations of six estrogens including diethylstilbestrol (DES), estrone (E1), b-estradiol (E2), estriol (E3), 17a-ethynylestradiol (EE2) and b-estradiol 17-valerate (EV) in surface water and sediment sampled from three rivers in Tianjin area, northern China were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The concentrations of the total six estrogens ( P 6ES) ranged from 0.64 to 174 ng L À1 in waters and from 0.98 to 51.6 ng g À1 dry weight(dw) in sediments, and varied for each river. Among these estrogens, E1 was the most abundant and could be detected in all samples. DES and EV could be detected either in river water or in sediment, but in the concentration range below 10 ng L À1 and 10 ng g À1 for water and sediment, respectively.The relationships between concentration of estrogens and organic carbon content in sediments and the relationships between sediment-water partition coefficient (log K oc ) and octanol-water partition coefficient (log K ow ) were examined. The results showed that the contents of the P 6ES correlated significantly with the contents of organic carbon (OC%). It indicated that sediments with high organic carbon were more likely to retain estrogens than those with lower organic carbon levels in the natural aquatic environment. Furthermore, the linear correlations between log K ow and log K oc were obtained for each river, which indicated that sediment-water partitioning of estrogens in three rivers could be predicted by their hydrophobic properties.

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“…Prior to ltration the pH of wastewater was adjusted to 3 with 40% H 2 SO 4 . 24 Then a 1 L sample was ltered through GF/C (1.2 mm) and GF/F (0.7 mm) glass ber lters (Whatman, USA). The Supelclean ENVI-18 cartridge (3 mL, 500 mg, Supelco, USA) was conditioned with 5 mL ethyl acetate, 5 mL methanol, and 10 mL ultrapure water.…”

Section: Sample Pretreatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence and removal of free and conjugated estrogens in wastewater and sludge in five sewage treatment plants

Llewellyn

et al. 2014

Environ. Sci.: Processes Impacts

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The occurrence and fate of free and conjugated estrogens were investigated in wastewater and sludge from five sewage treatment plants (STPs) in Guangdong Province, China. Estrone (E1) and 17β-estradiol (E2) were found in all influent samples at concentrations of 69.3-280 ng L(-1) and 1.3-30 ng L(-1), respectively. The concentrations of conjugated estrogens were from ND (not detected) to 7.6 ng L(-1). High concentrations (27.6-235 ng g(-1)) of E1 were found in sludge of some STPs indicating that sorption was an important estrogen removal mechanism. According to the mass flux analyses for estrogens in STP-A, E2 was mainly removed in the anaerobic process and E1 removal was the combined efforts of biodegradation and sorption. Abnormally high concentrations of EE2 (42.6-246 ng L(-1)), detected with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, were found in all influent samples of the STPs, therefore interlaboratory analysis with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was conducted for confirmation, which detected no EE2 at all. In consideration of the rather lower estimated EE2 concentration than the measured value, it was speculated that the presence of interfering substances like tetracosanic acid in the matrix could lead to overestimation of EE2 concentration. Overall, the effluents still pose potential estrogenic effect to the downstream aquatic organisms.

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An alternative method for the determination of estrogens in surface water and wastewater treatment plant effluent using pre-column trimethylsilyl derivatization and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry

Cited by 12 publications

References 43 publications

Optimization of large volume injection-programmable temperature vaporization-gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis for the determination of estrogenic compounds in environmental samples

Optimization of large volume injection-programmable temperature vaporization-gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis for the determination of estrogenic compounds in environmental samples

Levels of six estrogens in water and sediment from three rivers in Tianjin area, China

Occurrence and removal of free and conjugated estrogens in wastewater and sludge in five sewage treatment plants

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