An Alternative Method for Determination of Additives in Polypropylene Using Supercritical Fluid Extraction and Enhanced Solvent Extraction

Paepe, Anne De; Erlandsson, B.; Östelius, Jan; Gasslander, Ulla; Arbin, Astrid

doi:10.1080/10826070600675387

Cited by 16 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…More recent articles describe optimization of extraction parameters for specific types of samples, compare the efficiency of different sample preparation procedures, and evaluate approaches to couple extraction procedures online to the subsequent chromatographic determination. Some references for dissolution/precipitation 4, 5, dissolution/extraction 6, microwave‐assisted extraction 7, 8, accelerated solvent extraction 9, 10, and supercritical fluid extraction 5, 9, 11–13 can be found in Table 2(a).…”

Section: Analytical Methods For the Determination Of Stabilizersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A deeper insight into the various chromatographic separation methods with their different detection possibilities can be gained in a review summarizing publications up to 2002 19. In the recent publications (compare Tables 2(a) and (b)), HPLC under RP conditions is still dominating 7–9, 15, 19–22. The number of publications applying capillary chromatography 23–26, GC 14, 27, NP‐HPLC 10, TLC 28, and supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) 12 is much lower.…”

Section: Analytical Methods For the Determination Of Stabilizersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…UV is still the most widespread detection technique for LC 7–9, 11–13, 15, 20–22, 28, 29. The development of new ionization techniques promoted MS for highly sensitive and selective detection 10, 20–22, 24.…”

Section: Analytical Methods For the Determination Of Stabilizersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of polyolefin stabilizers and their degradation products

Reingruber

Buchberger

2010

J of Separation Science

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Polymeric materials are complex samples, as they contain various groups of additives, compounding ingredients, and fillers. An important group of additives are stabilizers. Efficient stabilization is essential especially for polypropylene, as it is sensitive to oxidation and radical attack due to the numerous tertiary carbon atoms in its structure. How long a polymer will be sufficiently stabilized can be deduced from the contained amount of intact stabilizer. Different approaches for the analysis of stabilizers in polyolefins are available, which include sample preparation with subsequent chromatographic separation as well as direct analysis techniques. In round-robin tests, stabilizer concentrations obtained varied strongly. This shows the demand for reliable and robust methods. Stabilizers get consumed while protecting the polymer and are then present as degradation products. They were observed while quantifying intact stabilizers, in migration studies, and - if volatile - in emission studies of polymers. Furthermore, e.g. interactions with other polymer ingredients or irradiation degraded stabilizers. The identification of degradation products provides a better insight into the reactions associated with stabilization. Their quantitation makes it possible to deduce the original level of stabilization. Furthermore, polymer ingredients degrading stabilizers can be identified. Knowledge on these interactions contributes significantly to improved polymer stabilization.

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Section: Analytical Methods For the Determination Of Stabilizersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Analytical Methods For the Determination Of Stabilizersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of polyolefin stabilizers and their degradation products

Reingruber

Buchberger

2010

J of Separation Science

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“…Even though Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy are reliable ways of identifying additives and providing structural information about them, considering the characteristics of the complexity and similarity of many additives, it is still difficult to identify additives from one another in polymers. Currently, mass spectrometry has been applied to the analyses of polymer additives, [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] especially with the soft ionization mass spectrometry technology, such as electrospray ionization (ESI), [21,22] atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI), [22] and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry. [23] However, these technologies depend greatly on sample pretreatment.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid identification of polymer additives by atmospheric solid analysis probe with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry

Zhang

et al. 2014

Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom.

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“…Moreta and Tena have detected the antioxidants 168, 1076, and 1010 in packaging plastics by LC-MS [16]. De Paepe et al have analyzed antioxidants 1010, 1076, and 168 in polypropylene by supercritical fluid extraction [17]. ese works only detect the contents of antioxidants in the extracts of packaging materials but neither develop the detection method for the determination of antioxidants transferred to the pharmaceutical solution from the packaging materials nor involve the detection method of degradation products of antioxidants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of the Contents of Antioxidants and Their Degradation Products in Sodium Chloride Injection for Blood Transfusion

Tao

Wang

Yin

et al. 2020

Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry

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The infusion bag is mainly made up of polyolefin polymer. Antioxidants are usually added to these polymer materials in the production process to prevent the materials from aging and enhance the stability of the materials. Because of the potential harm of antioxidants to human body, it is necessary to limit the amount of antioxidants migrating to the pharmaceutical solutions. In the present study, we developed and validated the HPLC method for the simultaneous quantification of antioxidants and their degradation products migrating to sodium chloride solution for injection. A total of six antioxidants and six their degradation products were separated and simultaneously determined by using a Waters Symmetry RP18 column (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) and gradient elution of methanol/acetonitrile/acetic acid-water (1 : 99, v/v) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The detective wavelength was set at 277 nm, and the column temperature was maintained at 35°C. The method was validated in terms of limit of detection (LOD, 0.011–0.151 μg/mL), limit of quantification (LOQ, 0.031–0.393 μg/mL), intraday precision (0.25%–3.17%), interday precision (0.47%–3.48%), linearity (0.1–46.8 μg/mL, r > 0.9994), stability (0.35%–3.29%), and accuracy (80.39%–104.31%). In the extraction experiment, antioxidants, BHT, 1010, 1330, 1076, and 168, and their degradation products, 1310 and DBP, were detected in the packaging materials. Only 1310 was detected in the migration experiment. The maximum daily dosage of sodium chloride for blood transfusion is three bags, and the content of 1310 in long-term testing samples is from 0 to 12 months ranging from 37.44 μg/3 bags to 48.71 μg/3 bags. The daily intake of 1310 did not exceed 48.71 μg, which was much lower than its permitted daily exposure (PDE, 300 μg/day). Therefore, the antioxidants and their degradation products migrating into the drug solution would not cause drug safety risks.

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An Alternative Method for Determination of Additives in Polypropylene Using Supercritical Fluid Extraction and Enhanced Solvent Extraction

Cited by 16 publications

References 24 publications

Analysis of polyolefin stabilizers and their degradation products

Analysis of polyolefin stabilizers and their degradation products

Rapid identification of polymer additives by atmospheric solid analysis probe with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry

Determination of the Contents of Antioxidants and Their Degradation Products in Sodium Chloride Injection for Blood Transfusion

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