An Almost Unbiased Method of Obtaining Confidence Intervals for the Probability of Misclassification in Discriminant Analysis

Lachenbruch, Peter A.

doi:10.2307/2528418

Cited by 431 publications

(176 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Selected characters were then subjected to principle component analysis (PCA) to reveal patterns of the species, and followed by DFA to compute the classification success. Misclassification rates of DFA were calculated using holdout cross validation procedures proposed by Lachenbruch (1967). The kappa (κ) statistics was used to determine the improvement over chance of the percentcorrect classification rates (Titus et al, 1984).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphometric and meristic variation in two congeneric archer fishes Toxotes chatareus (Hamilton 1822) and Toxotes jaculatrix (Pallas 1767) inhabiting Malaysian coastal waters

Das

Bakar

Temple

et al. 2010

J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. B

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Abstract:A simple yet useful criterion based on external markings and/or number of dorsal spines is currently used to differentiate two congeneric archer fish species Toxotes chatareus and Toxotes jaculatrix. Here we investigate other morphometric and meristic characters that can also be used to differentiate these two species. Principal component and/or discriminant functions revealed that meristic characters were highly correlated with pectoral fin ray count, number of lateral line scales, as well as number of anal fin rays. The results indicate that T. chatareus can be distinguished from T. jaculatrix by having a greater number of lateral line scales, a lower number of pectoral fin rays, and a higher number of anal fin rays. In contrast, morphometric discriminant analyses gave relatively low distinction: 76.1% of fish were ascribed to the correct species cluster. The observed morphometric differences came from the dorsal and anal spines lengths, with T. chatareus having shorter dorsal and longer anal spines than T. jaculatrix. Overall, meristic traits were more useful than morphometrics in differentiating the two species; nevertheless, meristics and morphometrics together provide information about the morphological differentiation between these two closely related archer fishes.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphometric and meristic variation in two congeneric archer fishes Toxotes chatareus (Hamilton 1822) and Toxotes jaculatrix (Pallas 1767) inhabiting Malaysian coastal waters

Das

Bakar

Temple

et al. 2010

J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. B

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show abstract

“…4a-c below). We then performed a Bleave-one-out cross-validation^(LOOCV) procedure (see Geisser, 1975;Lachenbruch, 1967;Miller, 1974;Stone, 1974; for a review, see Arlot & Celisse, 2010) on these points using a standard feedforward-backpropagation (FFBP) network (Rumelhart, McClelland, & the PDP Research Group, 1986). This analysis worked as follows.…”

Section: Scanpath Comparisonmentioning

confidence: 99%

An evaluation of scanpath-comparison and machine-learning classification algorithms used to study the dynamics of analogy making

2016

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In recent years, eyetracking has begun to be used to study the dynamics of analogy making. Numerous scanpathcomparison algorithms and machine-learning techniques are available that can be applied to the raw eyetracking data. We show how scanpath-comparison algorithms, combined with multidimensional scaling and a classification algorithm, can be used to resolve an outstanding question in analogy making-namely, whether or not children's and adults' strategies in solving analogy problems are different. (They are.) We show which of these scanpath-comparison algorithms is best suited to the kinds of analogy problems that have formed the basis of much analogy-making research over the years. Furthermore, we use machine-learning classification algorithms to examine the item-to-item saccade vectors making up these scanpaths. We show which of these algorithms best predicts, from very early on in a trial, on the basis of the frequency of various item-to-item saccades, whether a child or an adult is doing the problem. This type of analysis can also be used to predict, on the basis of the item-to-item saccade dynamics in the first third of a trial, whether or not a problem will be solved correctly.Keywords Eyetracking algorithms . Jarodzka algorithm . LDA . SVM . Analogy strategies Traditionally, analogy making has been studied statically. Participants typically see a pair of related images (the Bbase pair^), along with a third image and a number of candidate target images. One of these target images-the Bcorrect analogical match^-is supposed to be related to the third image in the same way that the base items were related to one another. The participant's task is to identify the correct analogical match. Correct and incorrect answers (and, sometimes, reaction times) are recorded and analyzed. However, these studies could not capture-and in fairness, were not designed to capture-the dynamic aspects of solving an analogy problem. As such, they shed essentially no light on the question of what strategies were adopted during the course of solving analogy problems.In this article, we introduce a novel means of studying the dynamic aspects of analogy making in both children and adults. The proposed methodology involves combining eyetracking, multidimensional scaling (MDS), and neuralnetwork classification algorithms, as well as using machinelearning algorithms to analyze the component vectors making up participants' scanpaths. In what follows, we will briefly describe each of these techniques and show how they can be combined successfully in the context of analogy making.Although the purpose of this article is, first and foremost, a methodological one, it is important to note that the development of these techniques has allowed us (French & Thibaut, 2014;Thibaut & French, 2016;Thibaut, French, Missault, Gérard, & Glady, 2011) to answer, for what we believe to be the first time, a long-standing question in the field of analogymaking-namely, do children and adults use the same (or very similar) search-space strategies when...

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“…The reliability of the discrimination of shape variables was calculated by leaveone-out cross-validation (e.g. LACHENBRUCH, 1967). DA was repeated on non-allometric shape variables (sizecorrected) to evaluate the sexual dimorphism without the allometric effect.…”

Section: Cheliped Allometry and Sexual Dimorphismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in cheliped form in two species of squat lobsters (Decapoda: Anomura) from Chile

Lezcano¹,

Penna

Márquez

et al. 2015

Braz. j. oceanogr.

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The current study describes the variation in cheliped form of two species of squat lobsters that inhabit the continental margin off Chile: Cervimunida johni and Pleuroncodes monodon. We compared their cheliped form in the context of the reproductive strategy. The general tendency of form variation of both species is similar: chelipeds change, on average, from longer and narrower pollex with short manus to a relatively shorter and wider pollex with longer manus from small to large individuals, respectively. The degree of cheliped arching was greater in males than in females of similar carapace length, and only C. johni males showed fully arched morphology. The allometric trajectories (cheliped shape vs. carapace length) were largely aligned with vectors of mean shape difference in both species. Cheliped form variation of C. johni (extended mate-guarding) resembles the cheliped morphology reported for the related species Munida rugosa more than P. monodon (short mate-guarding). Our results are consistent with previous finding and suggest that the cheliped form variation (from straight and slender to a fully arched morphology) is, or has been, subject to sexual selection through male-male competition for mates. O presente estudo contém uma descrição da variação da forma dos quelípodos de duas espécies de lagostas que habitam a margem continental do Chile: Cervimunida johni e Pleuroncodes monodon. Foi comparada a forma dos quelípodos das espécies em relação à estratégia reprodutiva das espécies. Das espécies estudadas, C. johni apresenta um quelípodo arqueado, uma relação mais estreita entre a forma da quelípodo e comprimento da carapaça e um maior dimorfismo sexual. Apesar de que a tendência geral da variação da forma dos quelípodos de ambas as espécies é quase semelhante, a variação morfológica dos quelípodos C. johni ("extended mate-guarding") assemelha-se à relatada para M. rugosa mais do que assemelha-se P. monodon ("short mate-guarding"). Nossos resultados são consistentes com os resultados anteriores e sugerem que a variação na forma do quelípodo (de uma forma reta e fina para um formato arqueado) é ou foi sujeita à seleção sexual através da competição entre machos. AbstrAct

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An Almost Unbiased Method of Obtaining Confidence Intervals for the Probability of Misclassification in Discriminant Analysis

Cited by 431 publications

References 7 publications

Morphometric and meristic variation in two congeneric archer fishes Toxotes chatareus (Hamilton 1822) and Toxotes jaculatrix (Pallas 1767) inhabiting Malaysian coastal waters

Morphometric and meristic variation in two congeneric archer fishes Toxotes chatareus (Hamilton 1822) and Toxotes jaculatrix (Pallas 1767) inhabiting Malaysian coastal waters

An evaluation of scanpath-comparison and machine-learning classification algorithms used to study the dynamics of analogy making

Variation in cheliped form in two species of squat lobsters (Decapoda: Anomura) from Chile

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