2006
DOI: 10.1038/nature05184
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An almost head-on collision as the origin of two off-centre rings in the Andromeda galaxy

Abstract: Abstract. The unusual morphology of the Andromeda Spiral (Messier 31, the closest spiral galaxy to the Milky Way) has long been an enigma. Although regarded for decades as showing little evidence of a violent history, M 31 has a well-known outer ring 1−7 of star formation at a radius of 10 kpc whose center is offset from the galaxy nucleus. In addition, the outer galaxy disk is warped as seen at both optical 8 and radio 9 wavelengths. The halo contains numerous loops and ripples. Here we report the discovery, … Show more

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Cited by 117 publications
(182 citation statements)
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“…In Sect. 5.3, we remind the scenario of a head-on collision with M 32 as proposed by Block et al (2006) and show with a simple modelling that it can account for the various observables.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…In Sect. 5.3, we remind the scenario of a head-on collision with M 32 as proposed by Block et al (2006) and show with a simple modelling that it can account for the various observables.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This cut has been made to subtract the large-scale HI emission seen in projection superposed to the centre, expected near the systemic velocity. The contours are the dust emission from Spitzer-IRAC (8 μm image where a scaled version of the 3.6 μm image has been subtracted to remove the stellar photospheres emission) (Block et al 2006). The HI cube is from Braun et al (2009). in the centre, as displayed in the right panel of Fig.…”
Section: Modelling Of a Tilted Inclined Discmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Possible origins of the strong Hα emission and high thermal fraction at R < 30 have been discussed by Devereux et al (1994) and Tabatabaei & Berkhuijsen (2010). As recent SF is scarce in this region, the gas must have been ionized by shocks, evolved stars (Groves et al 2012) and/or during the last encounter with a companion galaxy (Block et al 2006).…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%