An All-Silicon Passive Optical Diode

Fan, Li; Wang, Jian; Varghese, Leo T.; Shen, Hao; Niu, Ben; Xuan, Yi; Weiner, Andrew M.; Qi, Minghao

doi:10.1126/science.1214383

Cited by 686 publications

(464 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(32 reference statements)

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“…[24][25][26][27][28][29] Furthermore, the presented structure geometry is suitable for large-area fabrication, 58,59 which makes it a promising candidate design for non-reciprocal coatings of optical elements, such as lenses, with active external control at specific wavelengths. In addition, the direct attachment onto optical fiber ends [60][61][62] or onto laser diodes could yield devices with extremely small volumes for a highly integrated environment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…46 This feature is a significant advantage over BIG, which is widely utilized both in magneto-optical devices 33,34 and concept studies. 26,36,47 BIG films are typically fabricated by pulsed laser deposition 48 followed by hightemperature annealing, which is largely restricted to homogeneous films and does not allow for the direct incorporation of other materials, such as plasmonic nanostructures, into the film. With the flexibility of physical vapor deposition, EuSe provides the possibility of fabricating more sophisticated potential future designs, including 3D geometries, where the magneto-optical and plasmonic elements are merged.…”

Section: Tunable Thin-filmmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…35 All existing non-conventional approaches to achieve optical isolation with significantly smaller devices suffer from large insertion losses. 25,26 Furthermore, the magnetic tunability of Faraday rotators is often limited by the saturation of Faraday rotation for an increasing magnetic field. Thus, to achieve a Faraday rotator with a large tuning range, it is desirable to utilize a material with not only a large effective Verdet constant but also a high saturation magnetic flux density.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This property leads to the most prominent application of Faraday rotators, i.e., as core elements in optical isolators. These devices realize one-way light propagation to suppress parasitic feedback in a multitude of optical systems, including optical telecommunication networks [24][25][26] and laser systems. [27][28][29] In addition, systems with less restricted symmetry properties that exhibit asymmetric transmission of light (both in a reciprocal and non-reciprocal manner) have gained considerable attention recently.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tunable and switchable polarization rotation with non-reciprocal plasmonic thin films at designated wavelengths

et al. 2015

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We experimentally demonstrate an ultra-thin plasmonic optical rotator in the visible regime that induces a polarization rotation that is continuously tunable and switchable by an external magnetic field. The rotator is a magneto-plasmonic hybrid structure consisting of a magneto-optical EuSe slab and a one-dimensional plasmonic gold grating. At low temperatures, EuSe possesses a large Verdet constant and exhibits Faraday rotation, which does not saturate over a regime of several Tesla. By combining these properties with plasmonic Faraday rotation enhancement, a large tuning range of the polarization rotation of up to 8.46 for a film thickness of 220 nm is achieved. Furthermore, through experiments and simulations, we demonstrate that the unique dispersion properties of the structure enable us to tailor the wavelengths of the tunable polarization rotation to arbitrary spectral positions within the transparency window of the magneto-optical slab. The demonstrated concept might lead to important, highly integrated, non-reciprocal, photonic devices for light modulation, optical isolation, and magnetic field optical sensing. The simple fabrication of EuSe nanostructures by physical vapor deposition opens the way for many potentially interesting magneto-plasmonic systems and three-dimensional magneto-optical metamaterials.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Tunable Thin-filmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tunable and switchable polarization rotation with non-reciprocal plasmonic thin films at designated wavelengths

et al. 2015

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“…S ilicon photonics has made great strides in developing a wide range of devices [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] . Built upon these advances, this technology now offers a low-cost platform for building large-scale optical systems [14][15][16][17] .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

High-density waveguide superlattices with low crosstalk

et al. 2015

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Silicon photonics holds great promise for low-cost large-scale photonic integration. In its future development, integration density will play an ever-increasing role in a way similar to that witnessed in integrated circuits. Waveguides are perhaps the most ubiquitous component in silicon photonics. As such, the density of waveguide elements is expected to have a crucial influence on the integration density of a silicon photonic chip. A solution to highdensity waveguide integration with minimal impact on other performance metrics such as crosstalk remains a vital issue in many applications. Here, we propose a waveguide superlattice and demonstrate advanced superlattice design concepts such as interlacing-recombination that enable high-density waveguide integration at a half-wavelength pitch with low crosstalk. Such waveguide superlattices can potentially lead to significant reduction in on-chip estate for waveguide elements and salient enhancement of performance for important applications, opening up possibilities for half-wavelength-pitch optical-phased arrays and ultra-dense space-division multiplexing.

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Digital Nonlinear Metasurface with Customizable Nonreciprocity

Luo

Chen

Wang

et al. 2019

Adv Funct Materials

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Recently, investigation of metasurface has been extended to nonreciprocity through breaking time-reversal symmetry. Among a number of magnetless strategies, nonlinearity is an important nonreciprocal principle amenable to the metasurface. As passive analog-based devices, most of the existing nonlinear nonreciprocal metasurfaces are inherently characterized by the relatively unchangeable performance, sharp frequency response, and hysteresis loops. Here, an analog-digital-analog mechanism is proposed to realize the nonlinear nonreciprocity, which provides a digitally reconfigurable solution for a family of nonreciprocal performance within a shared hardware architecture. This concept is validated by a metasurface prototype with the integration of a digital module at microwave frequencies. Based on the proposed mechanism, the properties can be customized as demanded, ranging from a normal reciprocal response to a variety of nonreciprocal functions, including electromagnetic (EM) diode and EM unidirectional limiting functions, which have been experimentally demonstrated with direction reversibility and threshold tunability. The proposed metasurface is also underpinned by the nonhysteretic performance and wide operating bandwidth, thereby potentially making it an inexpensive and stable candidate for advanced manipulations of EM waves.A normal transparent metasurface, if not particularly designed, is restricted to the time-reversal symmetry. It means that its transmission properties remain the same if the sign of the time variable is flipped. It is equivalent to the "reciprocity," which means that the received-transmitted field ratios are identical when the sources and detectors are exchanged. [14] In other words, the transmission rates experienced by EM waves propagating through the metasurface from opposite sides are identical. Breaking the time-reversal symmetry or reciprocity is significant in some scenarios where transmission asymmetry is in demand. A conventional method for this purpose is to use gyrotropic materials in the presence of a static magnetic field, [15,16] but it is nonamenable to metasurfaces due to the shortcomings like bulky size, large weight, and significant loss of the system. [17] Therefore, a large number of investigations were conducted for magnetless nonreciprocal metasurfaces. Besides the popular timemodulation methods, [17][18][19][20] nonreciprocal metasurfaces were realized by loading artificial subwavelength structures with unidirectional active elements, such as field-effect transistor [21,22] and amplifier, [23,24] which mimicked the Faraday rotation without ferromagnetic materials or magnetic fields. A threelayer surface-circuit-surface configuration integrated with transistor-based amplifiers was proposed to achieve a nonreciprocal metasurface for linear-polarized waves. [25] In addition, a spatially dispersive metasurface was found to be self-biased by transverse momentum of the incident wave front, leading to nonreciprocal phenomena. [26] Apart from the above linear methodologies, ...

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An All-Silicon Passive Optical Diode

Cited by 686 publications

References 28 publications

Tunable and switchable polarization rotation with non-reciprocal plasmonic thin films at designated wavelengths

Tunable and switchable polarization rotation with non-reciprocal plasmonic thin films at designated wavelengths

High-density waveguide superlattices with low crosstalk

Digital Nonlinear Metasurface with Customizable Nonreciprocity

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